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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Measures the body's consumption of oxygen - the rate of calories burned when the body maintains basic metabolic activities
The higher the BMR the more calories the patient can take in w/o weight gain |
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FULL LIQUID DIET
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ALL FOODS ON CLEAR DIET
milk & milk drinks pudding - custard ice cream - sherbert vegetable juice refined or strained cereal (cream of rice) cream, butter, margarine eggs (in pudding, custard) smooth peanut butter yogurt |
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SOFT DIET
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ALL FOODS ON FULL OR CLEAR LIQUID DIET
meat - all lean tender meat, fish, poultry (chopped shredded) eggs - scrambled poach omlet cottage cheese and mild cheese fruits cooked or can bananna applesauce veg - mashed potatoe, sw potatoe squash veg in cream sauce spinach cauliflower asparagus tips avacado bread cereal enriched rice barley pasta oatmeal soft cake bread pudding |
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CLEAR LIQUID DIET
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coffee
tea carbonated beverages bouillon - fat free broth clear fruit juice (appple, cranberry, grape) other fruit juices (strained) popsicle geletin sugar, honey hard candy |
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Vitamin K efect on RX
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can decrease effectiveness of warfarin (coumadin)
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Tyramine effect on RX
(found in aged cheese, tap beer, dried sausage, fermented soy, sauerkraut) |
in combination with MAOI meds, it reates an increase in epinephrine - causing headaches, increased pulse, and BP, & possible death
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Milk effect on RX
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Interfereswith absorption of tetracycline antibiotics
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Common problems associated with mineral nutrients
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iron deficiency - anemia
loss of bone calcium - osteoporosis |
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Nutrients
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Substances the human body utilizes from foods that are consumed
water, proteins, carbs, fats (lipids), minerals, vitamins |
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Nutrition
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the science of studying the relationship of humans to food - what is needed for growth, maintenance, reproduction, & lactation
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Essential nutrients
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required for human life - the bady can't manufacture
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non essential nutrients
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the body needs but the body can manufacture
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macronutrients
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organic nutrients that provide energy and are classified as proteins fats and carbs - these are also referred to as energy yielding nutrients
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Micronutrients
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Nutrients the body needs in small amounts - serve to regulate and control functions of the body
minerals & vitamins |
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Vegan
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eat only vegetable products & avoids all animal products
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Vegetarian health benefits
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lower cholesterol
lower BP less diabetes lower cardiac disease lower certain cancers lowers obesity |
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Vegetarian Health Risk
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- protein, mineral, & vitamin deficiency due to inadequate intake
- must be knowledgeable in using complementary proteins to prevent nutritional deficiencies |
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Grapefruit effects on drugs
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Can cause toxicity when taken with a variety of medications including cisapride, carbarazepine, diazepam, cyclosporine, saquinavir,verapamil
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Laxatives
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may cause calcium & potassium depletion
mineral oil & phenolphthalein (exlax) decrease absorption of vitanines A D E K |
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Antidepressants
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can increase food intake
(large amonts may supress intake) can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malabsorption & diarrhea |
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PROTEIN - digestion begins in the stomach - majority in sm intestine
* a compound of every living cell * provide structure & framework in body * transport substances through blood * protein deficiency causes fatigue, immune dysfunction, edema, weight loss * people that may need more protein in diet: infants & children, pregnant & lactating women, vegetarian, tissue/repair concerns (trauma, stress, burns) |
PROTEIN helps the body heal
Foods high in protein - eggs, fish, poultry, lean meat, dairy products * sickle cell & PKU need protein intake monitored to avoid complications due to enzyme deficiency * liver & renal patients body may not handle protein load * Protein helps maintain osmotic pressure * protein helps maintain normal acid-base balance |
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PROTEIN - AMINO ACIDS
* Essential amino acids - the body can't produce - must be obtained from food sources * Nonessential amino acids - the body can synthesize (make) |
Complete Proteins are foods that provide all essential amino acids and are usualy of animal origin & soy (meat eggs)
* Complete Proteins support tissue growth and repairs * Incomplete Proteins are low in biologic value and are usually plant origin (except soybean) - they lack adequate amounts of 1 or more essential amino acids |
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Complementary Protein - when 2 incomplete protein sources are combined to form a protein that now has essential amino acids in adequate amounts (protein + protein)
examples - mac & cheese bean taco cereal & milk peanut butter sandwich balck beans/rice |
Protein Nitrogen balance (Intake = amount excreted)
* Negative Protein balance - client consumes less than excreted indicating protein and/or calorie deficiency & tissue breakdown (stress, trauma, illness) - net catabolism occurs EX- child in 3rd world country Positive protein bal - client consumes more than excreted indicating build up of tissue (growth period); net anabolism occurs EX - pregnancy |