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23 Cards in this Set

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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Measures the body's consumption of oxygen - the rate of calories burned when the body maintains basic metabolic activities
The higher the BMR the more calories the patient can take in w/o weight gain
FULL LIQUID DIET
ALL FOODS ON CLEAR DIET
milk & milk drinks
pudding - custard
ice cream - sherbert
vegetable juice
refined or strained cereal (cream of rice)
cream, butter, margarine
eggs (in pudding, custard)
smooth peanut butter
yogurt
SOFT DIET
ALL FOODS ON FULL OR CLEAR LIQUID DIET
meat - all lean tender meat, fish, poultry (chopped shredded)
eggs - scrambled poach omlet
cottage cheese and mild cheese
fruits cooked or can bananna applesauce
veg - mashed potatoe, sw potatoe squash veg in cream sauce spinach cauliflower asparagus tips avacado
bread cereal enriched rice barley pasta oatmeal
soft cake bread pudding
CLEAR LIQUID DIET
coffee
tea
carbonated beverages
bouillon - fat free broth
clear fruit juice (appple, cranberry, grape)
other fruit juices (strained)
popsicle
geletin
sugar, honey
hard candy
Vitamin K efect on RX
can decrease effectiveness of warfarin (coumadin)
Tyramine effect on RX
(found in aged cheese, tap beer, dried sausage, fermented soy, sauerkraut)
in combination with MAOI meds, it reates an increase in epinephrine - causing headaches, increased pulse, and BP, & possible death
Milk effect on RX
Interfereswith absorption of tetracycline antibiotics
Common problems associated with mineral nutrients
iron deficiency - anemia
loss of bone calcium - osteoporosis
Nutrients
Substances the human body utilizes from foods that are consumed
water, proteins, carbs, fats (lipids), minerals, vitamins
Nutrition
the science of studying the relationship of humans to food - what is needed for growth, maintenance, reproduction, & lactation
Essential nutrients
required for human life - the bady can't manufacture
non essential nutrients
the body needs but the body can manufacture
macronutrients
organic nutrients that provide energy and are classified as proteins fats and carbs - these are also referred to as energy yielding nutrients
Micronutrients
Nutrients the body needs in small amounts - serve to regulate and control functions of the body
minerals & vitamins
Vegan
eat only vegetable products & avoids all animal products
Vegetarian health benefits
lower cholesterol
lower BP
less diabetes
lower cardiac disease
lower certain cancers
lowers obesity
Vegetarian Health Risk
- protein, mineral, & vitamin deficiency due to inadequate intake
- must be knowledgeable in using complementary proteins to prevent nutritional deficiencies
Grapefruit effects on drugs
Can cause toxicity when taken with a variety of medications including cisapride, carbarazepine, diazepam, cyclosporine, saquinavir,verapamil
Laxatives
may cause calcium & potassium depletion
mineral oil & phenolphthalein (exlax) decrease absorption of vitanines A D E K
Antidepressants
can increase food intake
(large amonts may supress intake)

can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malabsorption & diarrhea
PROTEIN - digestion begins in the stomach - majority in sm intestine
* a compound of every living cell
* provide structure & framework in body
* transport substances through blood
* protein deficiency causes fatigue, immune dysfunction, edema, weight loss
* people that may need more protein in diet: infants & children, pregnant & lactating women, vegetarian, tissue/repair concerns (trauma, stress, burns)
PROTEIN helps the body heal
Foods high in protein - eggs, fish, poultry, lean meat, dairy products
* sickle cell & PKU need protein intake monitored to avoid complications due to enzyme deficiency
* liver & renal patients body may not handle protein load
* Protein helps maintain osmotic pressure
* protein helps maintain normal acid-base balance
PROTEIN - AMINO ACIDS
* Essential amino acids - the body can't produce - must be obtained from food sources
* Nonessential amino acids - the body can synthesize (make)
Complete Proteins are foods that provide all essential amino acids and are usualy of animal origin & soy (meat eggs)
* Complete Proteins support tissue growth and repairs
* Incomplete Proteins are low in biologic value and are usually plant origin (except soybean) - they lack adequate amounts of 1 or more essential amino acids
Complementary Protein - when 2 incomplete protein sources are combined to form a protein that now has essential amino acids in adequate amounts (protein + protein)
examples - mac & cheese
bean taco
cereal & milk
peanut butter sandwich
balck beans/rice
Protein Nitrogen balance (Intake = amount excreted)
* Negative Protein balance - client consumes less than excreted indicating protein and/or calorie deficiency & tissue breakdown (stress, trauma, illness) - net catabolism occurs EX- child in 3rd world country
Positive protein bal - client consumes more than excreted indicating build up of tissue (growth period); net anabolism occurs EX - pregnancy