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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What nutrient prevents neural tube defects?
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folate
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For women who have PKU, a low ____________ diet is necessary prior to conception
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phenylalanine
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Women who are capable of becoming pregnant should consume a multivitamin containing ____ ug of synthetic folic acid daily.
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400
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When should folate supplementation begin prior to pregnancy?
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at least 1 month
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Women age 19 and older should not exceed ____ micrograms of synthetic folic acid per day because if can do what?
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1000
it can mask a vitamin b12 deficiency |
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What BMI is considered healthy for pregnancy?
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19.8 - 26.0
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Women who are obese at conception have a higher risk of what?
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hypertension, gestational diabetes, induced labor, and C sections.
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Babies who are born to an obese mother have a higher risk of what?
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macrosomia, low apgar scores, shoulder dystocia, and childhood obesity
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Is there a risk of neural tube defects if the pregnant woman is obese?
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yes, regardless of folate intake
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Mental retardation can be prevented in infants born with PKU if their diet consists primarily of a special low-______ formula instituded within _ to __ days after birth.
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phenylalanine 7-10 days
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An infant born from a mother with PKU cannot have what foods?
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milk, cheese, eggs, and meat are never allowed. nor are products sweetened with aspartame (nutrasweet)
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High levels of phenylalanine in children and adolescents can cause what?
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decrease in IQ, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems.
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Protein foods are high in _____?
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phenylalanine
such as: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and nuts. |
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The basal metabolic rate of the mother increases by what month? why?
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4th month - increased oxygen demands of the fetus and maternal tissues.
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How do calorie requirements fluctuate during pregnancy?
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rise proportionately throughout.
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Obese women should gain less but at least __ pounds and not more than __ pounds.
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15, 25
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What is normal weight gain during pregnancy in a normal woman?
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25-35 pounds
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How much is normal weight gain during the first trimester?
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2-4 pounds
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The heavier you are, the ____ weight you should be gaining during pregnancy.
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less
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Adequate intake of carbohydrate calories ensures that protein is ______ and available for synthesis of new tissue instead of burned for energy
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spared
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What increase in calories should be attained during pregnancy?
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300 calories
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What is the RDA for protein for all age groups during pregnancy?
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1.1g/kg/day or a daily increase of 25g above normal.
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Women who fail to consume adequate protein may be at increased risk for development of what?
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anemia, poor uterine muscle tone, abortion, decreased resistance to infection, and shorter, lighter infants with low apgar scores.
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The nutrient _____ is a major player in the synthesis of DNA.
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folate
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What vitamin should be increased with an increase in folate?
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b12
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How many mg of calcium should be attained for a woman between 19-50 years of age?
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1,000mg
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How many mg of iron is needed during pregnancy?
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27mg/day
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Why is iron needed for a fetus?
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to provide iron for fetal liver storage, which will sustain the infant for the first 4-6 months of life.
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What can fasting lead to after midgestation?
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hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, acetonuria, and other signs of metabolic acidosis.
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how much iodized salt should be consumed?
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moderate amount.
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What does moderate use of coffee and caffeine <300mg/day do to the infant?
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nothing, it's harmless.
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How does alcohol affect fetal cells?
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dehydrates them
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Who should not have any aspartame (nutrasweet)?
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a women with PKU mother fucker!
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What is a safe amount of aspartame (nutrasweet) for a regular pregnancy?
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50mg/kg of body weight
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Listeriosis is caused by what bacterium?
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listeria monocytogenes
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listeriosis can cause what?
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meningitis and sepsis in the mother and infection in the fetus that results in premature delivery, miscarriage, or stillbirth.
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To reduce the chances of getting listeriosis, what should the mother not consume?
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unpasturized milk
raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, fish, or shellfish refrigerated pates or meat spreads leftover foods |
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what should the woman refrain from eating because it may contain salmonella and e. coli?
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raw vegetable sprouts
unpasturized juices |
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mercury poisoning in a fetus can result in what?
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learning delays in walking or talking, cerebral palsy, seizures, and mental retardation.
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what should a mother do to prevent mercury poisoning?
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not eat shark, swordfish, kind mackerel, and tilefish.
limit fish intake fuck fish |
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what are possible side effects of iron supplements?
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diarrhea, constipation, dark colored stools, and gi upset.
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if diarrhea caused by iron supplements is not solved with high fiber, what do you do?
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reduce dosage of iron
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what is the lowest dose of iron you should have a day?
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30mg
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How much vitamin D should you consume?
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10mcg
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how much calcium should be taken a day?
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500mg - don't take with iron
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isotretinoin results in what birth defects?
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cleft lip or palate, hydrocephalus, heart defects
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What herbal supplements should not be taken and why?
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because they stimulate uterine contractions and may increase risk of miscarriage or premature labor
blue cohosh, juniper, pennyroyal or rosemary, sage, thuja, and raspberry tea. |
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Hot water with lemon or prune juice upon waking will help stimulate what?
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peristalsis
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What can you do mainly to prevent heartburn?
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don't drink while you eat.
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Pica can cause what deficiency?
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iron anemia
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