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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What nutrient prevents neural tube defects?
folate
For women who have PKU, a low ____________ diet is necessary prior to conception
phenylalanine
Women who are capable of becoming pregnant should consume a multivitamin containing ____ ug of synthetic folic acid daily.
400
When should folate supplementation begin prior to pregnancy?
at least 1 month
Women age 19 and older should not exceed ____ micrograms of synthetic folic acid per day because if can do what?
1000
it can mask a vitamin b12 deficiency
What BMI is considered healthy for pregnancy?
19.8 - 26.0
Women who are obese at conception have a higher risk of what?
hypertension, gestational diabetes, induced labor, and C sections.
Babies who are born to an obese mother have a higher risk of what?
macrosomia, low apgar scores, shoulder dystocia, and childhood obesity
Is there a risk of neural tube defects if the pregnant woman is obese?
yes, regardless of folate intake
Mental retardation can be prevented in infants born with PKU if their diet consists primarily of a special low-______ formula instituded within _ to __ days after birth.
phenylalanine 7-10 days
An infant born from a mother with PKU cannot have what foods?
milk, cheese, eggs, and meat are never allowed. nor are products sweetened with aspartame (nutrasweet)
High levels of phenylalanine in children and adolescents can cause what?
decrease in IQ, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems.
Protein foods are high in _____?
phenylalanine
such as: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and nuts.
The basal metabolic rate of the mother increases by what month? why?
4th month - increased oxygen demands of the fetus and maternal tissues.
How do calorie requirements fluctuate during pregnancy?
rise proportionately throughout.
Obese women should gain less but at least __ pounds and not more than __ pounds.
15, 25
What is normal weight gain during pregnancy in a normal woman?
25-35 pounds
How much is normal weight gain during the first trimester?
2-4 pounds
The heavier you are, the ____ weight you should be gaining during pregnancy.
less
Adequate intake of carbohydrate calories ensures that protein is ______ and available for synthesis of new tissue instead of burned for energy
spared
What increase in calories should be attained during pregnancy?
300 calories
What is the RDA for protein for all age groups during pregnancy?
1.1g/kg/day or a daily increase of 25g above normal.
Women who fail to consume adequate protein may be at increased risk for development of what?
anemia, poor uterine muscle tone, abortion, decreased resistance to infection, and shorter, lighter infants with low apgar scores.
The nutrient _____ is a major player in the synthesis of DNA.
folate
What vitamin should be increased with an increase in folate?
b12
How many mg of calcium should be attained for a woman between 19-50 years of age?
1,000mg
How many mg of iron is needed during pregnancy?
27mg/day
Why is iron needed for a fetus?
to provide iron for fetal liver storage, which will sustain the infant for the first 4-6 months of life.
What can fasting lead to after midgestation?
hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, acetonuria, and other signs of metabolic acidosis.
how much iodized salt should be consumed?
moderate amount.
What does moderate use of coffee and caffeine <300mg/day do to the infant?
nothing, it's harmless.
How does alcohol affect fetal cells?
dehydrates them
Who should not have any aspartame (nutrasweet)?
a women with PKU mother fucker!
What is a safe amount of aspartame (nutrasweet) for a regular pregnancy?
50mg/kg of body weight
Listeriosis is caused by what bacterium?
listeria monocytogenes
listeriosis can cause what?
meningitis and sepsis in the mother and infection in the fetus that results in premature delivery, miscarriage, or stillbirth.
To reduce the chances of getting listeriosis, what should the mother not consume?
unpasturized milk
raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, fish, or shellfish
refrigerated pates or meat spreads
leftover foods
what should the woman refrain from eating because it may contain salmonella and e. coli?
raw vegetable sprouts
unpasturized juices
mercury poisoning in a fetus can result in what?
learning delays in walking or talking, cerebral palsy, seizures, and mental retardation.
what should a mother do to prevent mercury poisoning?
not eat shark, swordfish, kind mackerel, and tilefish.
limit fish intake
fuck fish
what are possible side effects of iron supplements?
diarrhea, constipation, dark colored stools, and gi upset.
if diarrhea caused by iron supplements is not solved with high fiber, what do you do?
reduce dosage of iron
what is the lowest dose of iron you should have a day?
30mg
How much vitamin D should you consume?
10mcg
how much calcium should be taken a day?
500mg - don't take with iron
isotretinoin results in what birth defects?
cleft lip or palate, hydrocephalus, heart defects
What herbal supplements should not be taken and why?
because they stimulate uterine contractions and may increase risk of miscarriage or premature labor
blue cohosh, juniper, pennyroyal or rosemary, sage, thuja, and raspberry tea.
Hot water with lemon or prune juice upon waking will help stimulate what?
peristalsis
What can you do mainly to prevent heartburn?
don't drink while you eat.
Pica can cause what deficiency?
iron anemia