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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the nutrients required by the body
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Carbohydrates
Fats (lipids) Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water |
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What are the 2 major sources of energy?
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Carbohydrate and fat but protein becomes major fuel when others are not available
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which nutrient facilitates the release of energy?
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Vitamins
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which nutrient regulates the release of energy?
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Minerals
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what are the 4 basic units of energy and where do they come from?
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From carbohydrates: glucose
From lipids: glycerol From lipids: fatty acids From protein: amino acids |
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what is the recommended ADA of CHO, Lipids, Protein?
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CHO= 55%
Lipids= 30% Protein 15% |
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Is protein stored in the body?
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NO
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Glucose is produced from?
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carbohydrates
proteins fat |
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Dietary carbohydrates include?
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Simple sugars
Complex carbohydrates (starches) Indigestible carbohydrates (fiber) |
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What is the main source of energy?
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Lipids
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which nutrient provides more kcal/grm?
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Fat supplies 9 kcal/gm
as compared to 4 kcal/gm for glucose & protein |
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What is the function of proteins?
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Proteins do the cells work. The energy to fuel that work comes from carbohydrates and fat.
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Name the essential amino acids
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Phenylalanine
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lusine methionine Threonine Tryptophan Valine |
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what is the waste product of protein metabolism?
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The waste product is NH3 (ammonia) (Kreb’s cycle)
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what causes acidosis & ketones
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starvation where both proteins & fats are metabolized
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What are the functions of Vit: ADEK
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Vitamin A:
Stored in liver Healthy skin and mucous membrane, vision in dim light Vitamin D: calcium and health bone Vitamin E: protection of cells Vitamin K: Blood clotting |
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what is Niacin used for?
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↓ total cholesterol
Side effects: flushing, GI reflux |
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Acne treatment vitamin
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin that < CAD
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Vit E
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main electrolyte affected in water intoxication
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Sodium: Hyponatremia
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what is Scurvy?
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Def. of Ascorbic acid(Vit C)-leads to the formation of liver spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from all mucous membranes.
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Thiamin deficiency causes these conditions
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Beriberi
Wet (CV) vs. dry (Neuro - wernicke-korsakoff) |
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Cause of Pellagra
Triad: Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia |
Niacin deficiency
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what is the triad for pellagra
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Dermatitis
Diarrhea Dementia |
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Cause of Rickets
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Vit D def.
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This vitamin deficiency may cause blindness; Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Swollen abdomen, "bull dog" face from protein def.
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Kwashiorkor
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Calcium and Vit D def. can cause?
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Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia |
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which vit def. causes glossitis
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folic acid
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which vit def. causes lesions at corners of the mouth?
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Riboflavin (B2)
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Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign is causes by which vit def.?
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Calcium
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What is Whipple's disease?
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Causes malabsorption: Weight loss, incomplete breakdown of carbohydrates or fats are common presenting symptoms. Also affects the immune system, joints, CNS, and cardiovascular system.
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what is the sudan stain test used for?
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In malabsorption to determine the level of fecal fat to diagnose steatorrhea.
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Schilling's test
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Vit B12 def. (pernicious anemia)
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What is Celiac Sprue?
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Sensitivity caused by gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, oats, and barley
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what part of the intestine does celiac sprue mostly affect?
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Proximal portion of the small bowel
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how do you Dx celiac sprue?
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small bowel biopsy
Tx with a gluten free diet |
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this disease has overgrowth of coliform bacteria in jejunum and the villi are flattened, making absorption difficult
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tropical sprue
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how do you treat Whipple's disease?
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penicillin
tetracycline |
