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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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About what percent of elderly have nutrition related problems? |
50%
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What is aging a combination of?
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Lifestyle and natural processes
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What are characteristics of aging?
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Increased fat, Decreased lean muscle
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Are alternate medicines regulated by the FDA?
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No
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What are common problems in elderly?
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Depression and Alcoholism
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In general, how long is a normal prenancy?
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38-42 weeks
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Characteristics of each trimester?
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1st: zygote; 2nd: embryo; 3rd: fetus for remainder of pregnancy, gains length and weight
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Total weight gain of pregnant women: Normal weight? Under weight? Over weight?
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25-35 lbs.; 28-40 lbs.; 15-25 lbs.
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How should exercise during pregnancy be?
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Light
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Vitamin and Mineral needs during pregnancy?
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Folate, Iron, Iodide, Zinc
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True or False: Most women have the physical ability to breastfeed.
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True
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About how much is an infant going to grow in the first year?
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Weight triples, length increases approximately 50%
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When are iron stores depleted?
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6 months
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Why feed solid food at 6 months?
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To prevent food allergies
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Common food allergies?
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Egg whites, chocolate, peanuts, cow's milk
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Why do preschoolers eat less, picky?
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May be an expression of independence, or simply due to decreased growth rate
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Common nutritional problems in preschoolers?
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Iron deficiency anemia, constipation, cavities, obesity
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What percent of obese kids become obese adults?
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40-50%
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Anorexia: loss/denial of appetite
Nervosa: attitude of disgust with body or body image |
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Common characteristics of Anorexia
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Adolescent white female, middle or upper class, "responsible, meticulous, obedient", family conflicts, expectations, use starvation to express control
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Physical problems with Anorexia
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Decrease body temperature, metabolism, heart rate, immunity, organ function; lose hair; rough, dry, cold skin; nutrient deficiencies
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Bulimia Nervosa
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Bulimia:great hunger
Nervosa: attitude of disgust with body or body image |
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Common characteristics of Bulimia
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Teenage or college female, ~normal weight maybe a bit above, frequent eight loss diets then regain weight, impulsive behaviors, usually from disengaged families, much different than anorexics
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Physical problems with Bulimia
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Tooth decay, stomach ulcers, bleeding, acid reflux, nutrient deficiencies: potassium most common and problematic
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Treatment for anorexia and bulimia
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Involves a lot of people
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Female Athlete triad
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Most common in appearance based sports (gymnastics, swimming)
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How many Americans have some type of eating disorder?
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About 5 million
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Aspects of eating disorders
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Emotional, psychological/mental, nutritional, social, genetic?
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Name of high energy molecule
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ATP
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Do carbs automatically increase body fat?
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No
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What sport would you use carb loading for?
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Distance running
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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
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Aerobic uses oxygen, most sports use both
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Do you get more ATP from fat or carbs when in an aerobic environment?
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Fat
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Why is water needed in all environments, whether hot or cold?
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Cold to prevent hypothermia
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In general, do you have to take supplements as an athlete to be good?
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No
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What supplement will help us use fat? lactic acid?
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Caffeine; sodium bicarbonate
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Is rapid weight loss mostly from fat?
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No. Water, Muscle, Glycogen
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BMI
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Body mass index
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How much of your body weight should be water?
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50-70%
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Is the RDA of iron the same for men and women?
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No- 8 mg/day for adult male, 18 mg/day for adult female
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Sources of iron?
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Meat/seafood, whole grains, enriched bread, peas, beans
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Source of potassium?
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Bananas
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Function of magnesium?
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Enzyme reactions, potassium and calcium metabolism, proper nerve and cardiac functions, insulin release from the pancreas
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Function of fluoride?
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Helps prevent dental caries, cavities
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Iodide deficiency
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Thyroid gland enlarges (goiter), cretinism, stunting of fetal growth and mental development if mom has decreased intake
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Alcohol
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7 calories per gram, is a toxin
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Can protein be your main source of calories?
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No
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What are the building blocks of protein?
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Amino acids
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What makes amino acids essential?
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They must come from the diet
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What is the main protein enzyme in the stomach?
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Pepsin
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Protein enzyme in the small intestine?
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Trypsin
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Does nutrition play a role in cancer?
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Yes
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Water soluble vitamins
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Generally lost from the body except for vitamins B6 and B12
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Fat soluble vitamins
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Not readily excreted (except K) A, D, E, K
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Sources of Vitamin E
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Plant oil, seeds, nuts, wheat germ, cereal (especially if fortified or bran)
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Functions of Vitamin C
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Antioxidant, immune functions, iron absorption, synthesis of collagen
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Functions of Vitamin D
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Regulation of blood calcium
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RDA of Vitamin C
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90 mg/day for males, 75 mg/day for females, +35 mg/day for smokers
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Deficiency of Vitamin C
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Known as scurvy
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3 monosaccharides?
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Glucose, fructose, galactose
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Diabetes
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The body does not produce or properly use insulin, characterized by elevated blood glucose
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Insulin
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Hormone
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What are good sources of fiber?
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Whole grains, fruits, vegetables
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Essential fatty acids?
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Omega 3 (linolenic), Omega 6 (linoleic)
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids
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Saturated has no double bonds, solid
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Cholesterol
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Only found in animal sources
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Why is LDL bad?
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Transports "bad" cholesterol, most abundant
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What makes HDL good?
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Transports "good" cholesterol from the body's cells to the liver for excretion
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Difference between low fat and fat free?
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Fat free= < .5g fat per serving; Low fat= < 3g fat per serving
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What is the correct path of food?
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Mouth>Esophagus>Stomach>etc.
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How do we store energy?
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Fat, glycogen
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What's the most important nutrient?
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Water
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What is % daily value based off of?
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2000 calorie diet
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Energy calculation
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__ carbs x 4 kcal/g =__kcal
__fat x 9 kcal/g=__kcal __protein x 4 kcal/g=__kcal |
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What is the site of enzyme production?
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Pancreas
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What is the main organ of the excretory system?
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Kidneys
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Lymphatic system carries around what macronutrients?
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Fats, lipids
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Digestion and Absorption take place where?
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Small Intestine
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