Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nutrition Facts Panel allows
|
Comparison between similar foods
Consumers to make informed choices Standard portion sizes |
|
|
Genetically Modified (GM) Foods
|
"Genetically engineered" or "bioengineered"
Foreign genes inserted into foods genetic codes Allows scientists to speed up process by moving genes from one plant/animal into another |
|
|
Food borne illness
|
Consumption of foods/beverages containing disease-causing bacteria, viruses, marine organisms, fungi, toxins, parasites or other contaminants
|
|
|
Most common contaminants
|
Bacteria and viruses
Enter during food processing, storage, or preparation |
|
|
Spread mostly by these foods
|
Raw or undercooked meat and eggs, shellfish, and raw milk
|
|
|
Cross-contamination
|
When food that is contaminated comes into contact with another food
|
|
|
Less common causes
|
Mercury contamination
Botulism Parasites Mad Cow Disease Listeriosis |
|
|
Mediterranean Diet Pyramid
|
A diet associated with reduced risk of heart disease and cancer
Emphasizes olive oil, breads, whole grain cereals, nuts, fish, dried beans, vegetables, fruits, and wine in moderation Intake of red mean is limited to monthly and sweets/poultry to weekly |
|
|
Asian Diet Pyramid
|
Focuses on plant foods and reduced intake of red meat, eggs, poultry products
|
|
|
DASH Diet
|
Helps control mild/moderate hypertension
Limits fats, red meats, sweets, sugary drinks |
|
|
Factors that affect how efficiently the body uses calories
|
Physical activity
Muscle mass & height Health status Genetic traits |
|
|
Obesity percentage
|
66% and rising
|
|
|
Roux-en-Y Bypass Surgery can cause
|
Malabsorption
|
|
|
Risk factors in pregnancy
|
Maternal age
Frequent pregnancies Carrying twins/triplets Stress Poverty Marginalized racial group Low level of education, lack of nutrition knowledge Inadequate/excessive diet Chronic health conditions |
|
|
Vitamin A overdoses during pregnancy
|
Increase risk for malformations of facial features and heart
|
|
|
Zinc needs during pregnancy
|
Deficiency associated with long labors and small/malformed infants
Absorption reduced when consumed with supplemental iron |
|
|
Vitamin D needs during pregnancy
|
Supports fetal growth
Assists in programming genes that can influence the development of chronic disease |
|
|
EPA and DHA during pregnancy
|
Promotes maternal health
Supports optimal development of vision and the central nervous system of fetus |
|
|
Avoid fish during pregnancy with:
|
High levels of mercury
Shark, swordfish, king mackeral, tilefish Damage to CNS and slower cognitive development |
|
|
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
|
High risk for infants with malformation and retarded physical/mental development
|
|
|
Pica
|
Symptom of anemia
Geophagia Pagophagia Amylophagia Plumbism |
|
|
Composition of breastmilk
|
Carbohydrate- lactose
Proteins- digestible Rich vitamin content Ideal mineral content (low in sodium) Antibodies and immunity factors |
|
|
Production of breastmilk
|
Nipple stimulation causes hormone release which stimulates contraction of smooth muscles and production of milk (suppresses ovulation)
Takes 1.5-2 hours to produce Few women are unable to produce enough |
|
|
Nutrient needs during breastfeeding
|
Fluids- replace milk produced plus usual needs
Weight loss- 1 lb/wk is desired (over 2/week will reduce production of milk) Limit coffee Avoid alcohol Only take meds on advice |
|
|
Infant nutrient need
|
Introduce Iron after 4 months
Vitamin K at birth Fluoride supplements after 6 months (if water supply is not fluoridated) Vitamin D in breastfed infants |
|
|
Solid food recommendations
|
4-6 months- milk and iron fortified cereal
5-6 months- strained fruit/vegs, fruit juice 9-12 months- crackers, toast, cottage cheese, plain meats and poultry, egg yolk, finger food |
|
|
Benefits of stretching
|
Stretching muscle groups increases range of motion of joints/muscles
Helps protects muscles and connective tissues from injury, stiffness, and pain Crucial to maintaining joint range of movement 2 or more days/week |
|
|
ATP
|
Adrenosine tripohosphate- energy rich compound used for all energy requiring processes in the body
Formed both aerobically and anaerobically Glucose can form ATP without oxygen Fat needs oxygen to form ATP More ATP is delivered by the breakdown of fatty acids than glucose |
|
|
Hit the wall
|
Glycogen stores are depleted
|
|
|
Ergogenic aids
|
Substances that claim the increase the capacity for muscular work
Relatively few work, most are not tested for safety |
|
|
Fat intake of children
|
Normal growth and positive health seen in children eating 21-35% of total calories from fat
<21% correlated with impaired growth and development >35% correlated with obesity, low folate and vitamin C, and high sat fat intake |
