Nutrition Final (Energy Balance, Etc)

Front 1

from video:
atkins diet (all fat, no carb) and Japanese diet (all carb, no fat) both work. Why?

Back 1

eliminating FRUCTOSE

Front 2

from video:
What was the video with the Dr Robert Lustig concerning diet about?

Back 2

too much fructose, too little fiber and their effects on insulin

Front 3

Most of our dietary sulfur is supplied by

Back 3

protein

Front 4

Most dietary chloride comes from

Back 4

table salt

Front 5

most variation of BMR depends on

Back 5

lean body mass

Front 6

basal energy needs include energy for

Back 6

respiration
circulation
maitenance of temp

Front 7

T or F
Negative energy balance
energy intake < energy expended

Back 7

True

Front 8

burning food in a chamber surrounded by water

Back 8

bomb calorimeter

Front 9

______ numbers have been adjusted for digestibility and substances that can't be used for energy

Back 9

Atwater numbers

Front 10

3 types of energy output

Back 10

basal met
physical activity
digestion, absorption, etc

Front 11

basal met is defined as

Back 11

minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive

Front 12

basal met is approx ___% of the total energy needs

Back 12

60-70%

Front 13

physical activity will increase energy expenditure beyond BMR by ___%

Back 13

25-40%

Front 14

TEF

Back 14

Thermic Effect of Food

Front 15

energy used to digest, absorb, and met food nutrients

Back 15

TEF

Front 16

T or F
TEF of carbs is more than fat

Back 16

True
protein > carb > fat

Front 17

2 types of thermogenesis

Back 17

nonvoluntary physical activity
brown adipose tissue

Front 18

How does brown adipose actually waste energy by heat?

Back 18

proteins uncouple energy release from ATP production

Front 19

"sales tax" of total energy consumed

Back 19

TEF

Front 20

approx 5-10% of total energy consumed

Back 20

TEF

Front 21

6 ways to determine energy use

Back 21

direct calorimetry
indirect calorimetry
stable isotopes
Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)
Harris-Benedict equation
MyPyramid.gov

Front 22

measures heat output from the body using and insulated chamber

Back 22

direct calorimetry

Front 23

measures the amount of oxygen a person uses

Back 23

indirect calorimetry

Front 24

test by consuming water with 2H and 18O and measuring the isotopes in the body fluids

Back 24

stable isotopes

Front 25

4 categories of activity levels in an EER chart

Back 25

sedementary
low activity
active
very active

Front 26

estimates resting energy needs
considers height, weight, age, and gender

Back 26

Harris-Benedict equation

Front 27

physiological drive to eat

Back 27

hunger

Front 28

psychological drive to eat

Back 28

appetite

Front 29

key satiety regulator

Back 29

hypothalamus

Front 30

a hormone produced by the adipose tissue that increases with larger fat mass (and decreases desire to eat)

Back 30

leptin

Front 31

T or F
Leptin increases with lower fat mass

Back 31

False
Increases with larger fat mass
Decreases with lower fat mass

Front 32

leptin acts to decrease activity of

Back 32

neuropetide Y

Front 33

2 functions of neuropetide Y

Back 33

increases food intake
reduces energy expenditure

Front 34

natural body tranquilizer that can prompt you to eat

Back 34

endorphins

Front 35

along with GI distention, decreases hunger

Back 35

CCK

Front 36

stomach hormone that triggers eating

Back 36

Ghrelin

Front 37

neurotransmitter that is released as a result of CHO intake; high levels promote calmness and decrease desire to eat

Back 37

Serotonin

Front 38

signal satiety from the small intestine

Back 38

nutrient receptors

Front 39

T or F
presence of energy yielding nutrient registers satiety in brain

Back 39

True

Front 40

________ on the chylomicrons signal satiety in the brain

Back 40

apolipoprotein A-IV

Front 41

T or F
appetite is affected by a variety of internal forces

Back 41

False
external forces

Front 42

Do internal and external signals operate simultaneously?

Back 42

Yes

Front 43

______ phase prepares the body for a meal

Back 43

cephalic phase

Front 44

Do weight/height tables predict longevity for individuals or populations?

Back 44

Populations

Front 45

What is the preferred weight-for-height standard

Back 45

BMI

Front 46

healthy BMI

Back 46

18.5 - 24.9

Front 47

health risks start at ____ BMI

Back 47

25

Front 48

To estimate ideal body weight:
Women - ___lbs for first ___ft + ___ lbs for every inch over.
Men - ___lbs for first ___ ft + ___lbs for every inch over.

Back 48

women - 100 lbs. first 5 ft and 5 lbs for every inch over
men - 106 lbs. first 5 ft + 6 lbs for every in over

Front 49

Obese BMI

Back 49

30-39.9

Front 50

Superobese BMI

Back 50

>40

Front 51

desirable body fat:
men
women

Back 51

men - 8-24%
women - 21-35%

Front 52

most accurate for determining body fat content weight

Back 52

underwater weighing

Front 53

BodPod

Back 53

estimating body fat by (Air displacement)

Front 54

T or F
Body density = body weight / body volume

Back 54

True

Front 55

use calipers to determine subcutaneous fat

Back 55

skinfold thickness

Front 56

low-energy current to the body that measures the resistance to determine body fat

Back 56

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Front 57

and X -ray body scan that allows for the determination of body fat

Back 57

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(also used to study osteoporosis)

Front 58

Is "android" obesity upper or lower body obesity?

Back 58

upper body

Front 59

android obesity causes what problem with the liver?

Back 59

abdominal fat is released into the liver affecting ability to clear insulin and lipoprotein

Front 60

lower-body obesity

Back 60

"Gynecoid "obesity

Front 61

T or F
Gynecoid obesity is influenced by testosterone and alcohol.

Back 61

False
Android (upper body)

Front 62

Android obesity is defined as waist measurements of how much?

Back 62

men - >40"
women - >35"

Front 63

kind of body fat distribution that is influenced by estrogen and progesterone

Back 63

gynecoid (lower body)

Front 64

after menopause, which tends to develop, android or gynecoid obesity?

Back 64

genecoid (lower body)

Front 65

T or F
Android obesity has a higher health risk than gynecoid obesity.

Back 65

True

Front 66

to supply the body with 100 Kcals, how much must be consumed?

Back 66

105 - 110 Kcals
this is due to the TEF

Front 67

BMR declines ___% each decade past 30 years old

Back 67

1 - 2%

Front 68

T or F
1 Kcal = amount of energy rqd to increase temp of 1 kg 1 degree C

Back 68

True

Front 69

Low energy intake decreases basal metabolism by ____%

Back 69

10 - 20% or 150 - 300 Kcals

Front 70

T or F
TEF is higher for fat rich meals than protein rich meals

Back 70

False
protein rich higher than both CHO and fat rich meals

Front 71

NEAT

Back 71

Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Front 72

hormone which main function is energy conservation during periods of inadequate food supply

Back 72

Leptin

Front 73

other factors besides height/weight chart to determine a healthy weight

Back 73

fam hist
hypertension
elevated LDL, glucose, TGLs
pattern of fat distribution

Front 74

4 hormones involved in long-term regulation of energy balance

Back 74

insulin
leptin
ghrelin
peptide YY3-36

Front 75

Why are women's fat levels higher than men's

Back 75

"sex specific" fat associated with reproductive function