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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Recommended weight gain during pregancy.
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underweight: 28-40 pounds
Normal: 25-35pounds overweight: 15-25 pounds obese: no more than 15 |
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reconmmended increase in calories, & macronutrients during pregnancy and lactation.
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during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters an additional 350-450 calories daily
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General facts about gestational diabetes to the mom and baby
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both at risk for type 2 diabetes
risk of delivering a large baby. may lead to pre-eclampsia |
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Effects of caffeine, alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs has on the baby during pregnacny.
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Caffeine: risk of miscarriage and low birth weight.
Alcohol: |
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know which foods to avoid during pregnancy and why.
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unpasteurized milk, raw or partially cooked eggs, raw or undercooked meat/fish/poultry, unpasteurized juices and raw sprouts
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Know how to determine if your infant has had adequate breast milk
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-6+ wet diapers a day
-shows normal weight gain -passes 1+ stool per day -softening of the breast tissue -may take 2-3 weeks to establish a breastfeeding routine -try not to introduce the bottle until breastfeeding is well established. |
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know when to introduce different foods and at what age you start different foods in an infants and children
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infant-
4 to 6 months- 6-8 months- 7-10 months- 9-12 months- |
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Foods that are considered allergenic to infants and children
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-proteins found in cows milk
-egg whites -peanuts -wheat -watch for allergies when presenting new foods |
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Common nutrition problems in preschoolers?
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Iron Deficency, Constipation, dental caries, childhood food insecurity
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Macronutrient Needs:
infancy-adulthood |
-energy needs usually decrease due to reduced activity levels.
-older adults can consume slightly less fiber |
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nutritional complications of the elderly
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can't taste
TI functions going bad dry mouth |
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body composition changes in the lifecycle
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increased fat mass
decreased bone density decreased muscle and lean tissue |
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specific nutrients associated with osteoporosis, arthritis, constipation, eye disorders and Alzheimer's disease.
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Osteoporosis: includes vitamin D and calcium supplementation, resistance training, and medications.
Arthritis: weight control, nutrient balance. Constipation- fluid and insoluble fiber. Dental Health issues may cause older adults to avoid meats, firm friuts and vegetables. Eye disorder: show benefical effects of antioxidants |
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Food preservation methods
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freezing, salting, canning, and dehydration
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Food Safety: danger zone, handling, storage, thawing
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Danger zone: 40-140 degrees
handling: always have clean hands and areas. storage: temperature thawing: refrigeration |
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common causes of food borne illeness
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not washing hands, bacteria, molds
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what is the RDA
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Recommended Daily Intake
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Energy Nutrients
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Carbs, proteins and fats
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function and normal requirements of carbohydrates, protein and fats
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carbs: energy
protein: muscle fat: insulation |
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where does digestion/absorption take place
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small intestine
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food source of complex and simple carbohydrates
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complex: starch, fiber, glycogen.
simple: contains one or two molecules |
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complete and incomplete proteins
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animal meats, peanutbutter
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contain cholesterol
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animal products
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Common nutrition problems in preschoolers?
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Iron Deficency, Constipation, dental caries, childhood food insecurity
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Macronutrient Needs:
infancy-adulthood |
-energy needs usually decrease due to reduced activity levels.
-older adults can consume slightly less fiber |
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nutritional complications of the elderly
|
can't taste
TI functions going bad dry mouth |
|
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body composition changes in the lifecycle
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increased fat mass
decreased bone density decreased muscle and lean tissue |
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specific nutrients associated with osteoporosis, arthritis, constipation, eye disorders and Alzheimer's disease.
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Osteoporosis: includes vitamin D and calcium supplementation, resistance training, and medications.
Arthritis: weight control, nutrient balance. Constipation- fluid and insoluble fiber. Dental Health issues may cause older adults to avoid meats, firm friuts and vegetables. Eye disorder: show benefical effects of antioxidants |
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how to improve blood lipids
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exercise and eat less saturated fats
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Basic fatty acid structure
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bonds are different; saturated fats are single
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deficiency disease associated with vitamins and minerals
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vitamin c- scurvy
calcium-hypocalcemia |
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general guidelines for healthy weight loss
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one to two pounds per week, 3500 calories to lose one pound, 500 calories per day
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amount of calories needed to lose or gain weight
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cut 500 calories or add 500 calories per day depending on adding or trying to lose weight
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benefits of physcial activity
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better body image, lower risk of getting diseases, will increase cardio vascular strength
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