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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nurients |
Chemical substances necessary for life, pro ide energy, build and Repair tissue, and regulate body processes |
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6 classes of nutrients |
Proteins Carbs Fats Vitamins Minerals Water |
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Carbs |
Primary source of energy 4 calories, Stored form is glycogen |
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Fats |
Provide energy, 9 calories |
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Protiens |
Build and Repair muscle, contains nitrogen, provide energy 4 calories |
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Anthropometric measurements |
Height, weight, head/chest/abdominal circumference, upper arm, skin fold- measures fat and muscle |
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Biochemical tests |
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicates renal failure, blockage of urinary tract. Range 10-20 Serum Creatinine indicates amount in blood range less than 1 |
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Total fat intake |
20-35% of calories less than 10% sat fat. Cholesterol less than 300mg |
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Required food labeling |
Total calories, from fat, total fat, sat fat, Trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbs, fiber, sugar, protein. |
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Food labeling for vitamins |
Vitamin a, c, calcium, and iron |
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Jewish dietary laws |
Dairy and meat not eaten together Mouth is rinsed between fish and meat, observe days for fasting, no cooking on the sabbath |
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Enzyme in the mouth |
Ptylin |
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Esophagus |
Food travels through this muscular tube |
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Stomach secretes what? |
Intrinsic factor B12 |
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Bile |
Produced liver, stored in gallbladder, it emulsified fat |
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Absorption occurs where? |
Small intestine |
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Two types of metabolism |
Anabolism, uses energy to build up new compounds Catabolism is the breaking down of new compounds |
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Basal metabolic rate BMR |
Rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance |
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Recommended intake of fiber |
20-35g per day (half should be whole grains) |
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Monosaccharides |
Simplest form of carbs, directly to bloodstream- glucose(dextrose), fructose, galactose |
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Polysaccharides |
Complex carbs- starch, glycogen, fiber |
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Metabolism |
Insulin is the hormone that controls glucose metabolism Low blood glucose <70 |
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Saturated fats |
No more than 7% of daily calories from sat fats |
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Monounsaturated fats |
Have less hydrogen atoms, lower LDL'S bad cholesterol |
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Trans fatty acids |
Raise LDL'S , semi solid product is produced when hydrogen atoms are added (hydrogenated) |
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Adipose tissue |
Fat not needed for immediate use |
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Complete protein |
Contains all 10 essential amino acids |
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Protein recommendation |
0.8g of protien per each kilogram of body weight |
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Protien deficiency |
Albumin deficiency causes edema, muscle wasting, slow wound healing |
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Kwashiorkor |
Lack of protien , results in edema of belly, skin lesions, change in skin and hair color |
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Water soluable |
Vitamin C & B |
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Vitamin A |
Retinol, good for your eyes, sources are milk, cheese, egg yolk, beta carotene, carrots, mango, sweet potato, pumpkin, broccoli |
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Vitamin K |
Essential for blood clotting, absorbed in small intestine Green leafy vegetables |
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Vitamin B (folate) |
Needed during pregnancy, important for fetus development, needed for protein synthesis..average adult requires 400mcg |
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Calcium |
Body contains 1% in blood, 99% in bones..needed for heart function, clotting, and muscle action |
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Calcium deficiency |
Rickets in children, osteoporosis, tetany (muscle spasms ex. lock jaw) |
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Potassium (K) |
Intracellular, fluid balance & osmosis Sources; oranges, melons, Lima beans, carrots |
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Sodium |
Mineral & electrolyte, extracellular, control of fluid balance |
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Iodine |
Component of thyroid hormones . Lack of causes goiter, myxedema, cretinism. |
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Zinc |
Essential for growth, wound healing, and mobilization of vitamin A in the body |
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How long can you live without water |
10-14 days 30-45 without food |
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Solute |
Substance dissolved in a solution |
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Dehydration |
When water comes out of the cell, ADH helps prevents this |
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Fluid intake |
1 ml for every calorie consumed |
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Symptoms of dehydration |
Low BP, thirst, dry skin, fever, mental disorientation |
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Signs of dehydration |
Weight loss, decrease urine output, sunken eyes, tongue has furrows |
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Acidosis |
Caused by renal failure diabetes mellitus, starvation, diarrhea |
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Alkalosis |
Occurs when body loses hydrochloric acid from vomiting or ingestion of to much alkali antacids |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
One of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea |
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Clostridium perfringens |
Cafeteria germ, not keeping food at proper temps. |
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Staph aureus |
Found on skin, transmitted by carriers and eating food with the toxin. 30 mins - 8 hrs |
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Trichinella spiralis |
Parasitic worm from pork cook pork at 170 degrees |
