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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 roles of water? |
-medium for chem rx -transports nutrients -maintain body temp -acts as a protective cushion -transport waste from cells |
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What are the symptoms of dehydration? |
-thirst -dry skin -blue lips and fingertips -shallow breathing |
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What are the symptoms of H2O toxicity? |
rapid weight gain -low blood electrolytes -edema |
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What is the function of sodium? |
retain water |
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What is the toxicity of sodium? |
hypertention |
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What are food sources for sodium? |
salt and processed food |
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What is the most important organ in regulating sodium? |
kidneys |
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What are the functions of calcium? |
-blood clotting -nerve and muscle activity -involved in healthy blood pressure -strengthens bones and teeth |
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What is a symptom of calcium deficiency? |
Osteoporosis: -increased by: -low estrogen -low calcium intake -age |
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What are food sources for calcium? |
-dairy -leafy greens -tofu -fish with bones |
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What is the function of iron? |
Iron binds hemoglobin to help with oxygen transportation. |
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What is caused by iron deficiency? |
anemia |
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What is caused by iron toxicity? |
liver damage bloody stool death |
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What is the leading cause of fatal accidental poisonings in US children under 6? |
Iron toxicity |
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What are food sources for iron? |
meat beans tofu |
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What deficiency causes people to crave and eat non-nutritious substances such as clay or ice? |
Iron
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What is the function of zinc? |
growth and development |
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What are symptoms of zinc deficiency? |
-poor growth -slow wound healing -delayed sexual development |
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What blocks the absorption of zinc? |
high levels of iron |
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What is the function of fluoride? |
part of bones and teeth |
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What is caused by zinc deficiency? |
cavities |
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What is caused by zinc toxicity? |
Fluorosis: -discolored, rotting teeth -bone softness |
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What is the function of iodine? |
-part of thyroid hormone -regulates metabolic rates |
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What is caused by iodine deficiency? |
Goiter: -enlarged thyroid -slow metabolism -weight gain Cretinism: mental and physical abnormalities |
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What is caused by iodine toxicity? |
Toxic Goiter |
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What are food sources for iodine? |
fortified salt seafood shellfish |
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What are the functions of phosphorus? |
-buffer -part of cell membrane -part of DNA -part of ATP -emulsifier/bile |
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What are food sources for phosphorus? |
meat, milk, soft drinks |
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What is the function of magnesium? |
involved in healthy blood pressure |
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What are food sources for magnesium? |
whole grains, seafood, chocolate |
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What are the functions of potassium? |
involved in healthy blood pressure regulates heart beat |
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What is caused by potassium deficiency? |
hypertension
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What is caused by potassium toxicity? |
can stop heart |
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What are food sources for potassium? |
fresh fruit and veggies |
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What are the functions of sulfur? |
-combines with toxic substances to make harmless compounds -part of insulin |
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What is the function of chromium? |
helps insulin attach to cells so glucose can enter them |
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What is the function of vitamin A? |
-vision -bone and tooth growth |
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What is caused by vitamin A deficiency |
xenophtholmia night blindness keratinization |
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What are the symptoms of vitamin A toxicity? |
-bone fractures -birth defects -hemorrhaging |
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What are food sources for vitamin a? |
-liver -milk |
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What are the roles of beta-carotene? |
-calcium absorption -bone health |
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What is a sign of beta-carotene deficiency? |
macular degeneration |
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What are food sources for beta-carotene? |
carrots sweet potatoes cantalope |
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What is the function of vitamin E |
Cell membrane integrity antioxidant
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What are food sources for vitamin E |
veggie oil nuts asparagus |
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What are the functions of vitamin K |
-blood clotting -bone formation |
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What can be caused by vitamin k deficiency? |
over-bleeding |
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What vitamin can be made from bacteria in the gut? |
Vitamin k |
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What is a food source for vitamin k? |
green leafy veggies |
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What vitamin are babies given shots of at birth? |
Vitamin K |
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What are the functions of thiamin? |
- the reinforcement, storage, and use of energy from nutrients -supports healthy move cell membrane to muscles |
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What is caused by thiamin deficiency? |
Beri Beri Wernickle korsakoff |
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What is a food source for thiamin? |
pork |
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What is a role of riboflavin? |
- the reinforcement, storage, and use of energy from nutrients |
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What is caused by riboflavin deficiency?
` |
Ariboflavinosis:
-cracks in corners of mouth -red eyes and skin |
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what are food sources for riboflavin? |
Milk Dairy |
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True or false: Riboflavin can be disturbed by the sun |
True |
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What is the role of niacin? |
- the reinforcement, storage, and use of energy from nutrients |
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What is caused by niacin deficiency? |
pellagra |
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What is caused by niacin toxicity? |
-redness -flushing -fainting -vasal dilation -ulcers |
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What is the role of B6? |
- the release, storage, and use of energy from nutrients |
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What is caused by B6 deficiency? |
-greasy dermatitis -microcytic anemia |
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What are the roles of folate? |
- the release, storage, and use of energy from nutrients -growth and development -splitting RBC precursor -cell reproduction |
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What is caused by folate deficiency? |
spina bifida neural tube defects |
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What are food sources for folate? |
mushrooms seeds leafy green veggies |
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Which vitamin masks a B12 deficiency? |
folate |
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What are the functions of B12? |
- the release, storage, and use of energy from nutrients -splitting RBC precursors -nerve function |
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What is caused by b12 deficiency? |
pernicious anemia |
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What are food sources for B12 |
animal sources |
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Which vitamin needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed? |
B12
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What are the roles of vitamin C? |
-collagen synthesis -antioxidant -amino acid -metabolism |
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What is caused by vitamin C deficiency? |
Scurvy:
-pinpoint hemorrhages -weak connective tissue -may lose teeth |
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What are food sources for vitamin C |
-citrus -tomatoes -peppers |
