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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of lipids?
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Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
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What is the main form of fat in both the body and in foods?
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Triglycerides (95% in foods, 99% in body)
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What elements are lipids composed of?
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Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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What is a triglyceride composed of?
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One molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
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What happens to fatty acids as chain length increases?
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They become more solid at room temperature.
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What is the double bond of a fatty acid, where hydrogen atoms can easily be added to the structure?
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Point of unsaturation
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What foods can monounsaturated fatty acids be found in?
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Canola oil and olive oil
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What foods can polyunsaturated fatty acids be found in?
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Vegetable oils: corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil
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What foods can saturated fatty acids be found in?
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Animals fats: meat and dairy
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What is an organic compound composed of a carbon chain with hydrogens attached and an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end?
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A fatty acid
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What is the omega end of a fatty acid composed of?
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A methyl group
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What is the alpha end of a fatty acid composed of?
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An acid group
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How many carbons are in a short-chain fatty acid?
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<6
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How many carbons are in a medium-chain fatty acid?
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6-10
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How many carbons are in a long-chain fatty acid?
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12 or more
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What is a fatty acid carrying the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and containing only single bonds between its carbon atoms?
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Saturated fatty acid
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What is a fatty acid that lacks two hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between carbons?
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Monounsaturated fatty acid
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What is a fatty acid that lacks four or more hydrogen atoms and has two or more double bonds between carbons?
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid
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What is linoleic acid?
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A polyunsaturated fatty acid with two double bonds between carbons
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What is linolenic acid?
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A polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds between carbons
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What is an example of an omega-3 fatty acid?
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Linolenic acid
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What is an example of an omega-6 fatty acid?
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Linoleic acid
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Do shorter carbon chains in fatty acids cause them to be softer or more solid at room temperature?
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Softer
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How does saturation affect the firmness of fatty acids?
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Polyunsaturated fats are softer than saturated fats.
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Which fatty acids are least susceptible to oxidation, and therefore spoiling (they're the most stable)?
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Saturated fats
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What is a fatty acid with hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond of carbons?
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Trans-fatty acid
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What is the fatty acid with hydrogens on the same side of the double bond of carbons?
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Cis-fatty acid
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What kind of fatty acid is produced during hydrogenation?
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Trans-fatty acid
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What are two roles of phospholipids in the body?
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Important for plasma membrane and serve as emulsifiers
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What is the best known phospholipid?
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Lecithin
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What is the best known sterol?
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Cholesterol
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Where is cholesterol made?
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The liver
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What are three functions of cholesterol?
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Component of cell membrane, forms important hormones, precursor to bile acids
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What hormones are made from cholesterol?
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Sex hormones and vitamin D
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What are lipids broken down into during digestion?
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Monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol
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What enzyme in the mouth aids in lipid digestion?
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Lingual lipase
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What enzyme in the stomach aids in lipid digestion?
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Gastric lipase
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What is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic lipase from the pancreas?
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CCK
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What is the name of the cyclic action of bile from the liver to the small intestine, then re-absorption for re-use.
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Enterohepatic Circulation
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What type of carbohydrate can be consumed to lower blood cholesterol levels?
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Soluble fibers
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Where is HDL synthesized?
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In the liver and small intestine
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What is the recommended intake of fish per week?
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About two servings.
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