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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LIVER - USE OF GLUTAMINE |
Carbon -> gluconeogenesis Nitrogen -> urea synthesis Balance of glutamine synthesis/glutaminase Flux - glutaminase Uptake - early diabetes, starvation Release - late starvation when glutamine consuming tumor elsewhere |
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KIDNEY - USE OF GLUTAMINE |
Acidosis - excretes ammonium Glutamine -> ammonia, glucose, bicarbonate |
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LIVER - USE OF GLUTAMATE |
Releases small constant glutamate into the circulation Does not take up much |
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BRAIN - USE OF GLUTAMINE |
Glial cells make glutamine and release it to neurons Then hydrolyzed to glutamate |
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LACTATING MAMMARY GLAND |
High rates of glutamine utilization Glutamine synthetase -> glutamine Glutamine and glutamate - milk |
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INJURY - GLUTAMINE |
Muscle releases glutamine -> drop in muscle glutamine -> net proteolysis increases -> glutamine synthesis |
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What happens when a rat is fed with glutamine? |
Suppresses glutamine synthesis |
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NITROGEN EXCRETION |
More amino acid degradation -> urea increases |
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URIC ACID |
Orotic acid is used to make pyrimidine ring Pyrimidines degraded to urea |
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PURINE DEGRADATION |
AMP -> IMP -> Hypoxanthine -> Xanthine -> Uric acid Other species besides human - goes to allantoin |
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LESCH - NYHAN |
Lack of HGPRT - salvage pathway back to IMP and GMP Disorder suggests that de novo pathway is not sufficient |
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ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES |
AMP -> IMP -> Adenylosuccinate -> -> -> AMP |
