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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main nitrogen-containing waste product in humans is
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Urea
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Negative nitrogen balance occurs when
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Nitrogen excretion in urine and feces is greater than nitrogen consumed in protein.
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peanuts, which are part of the nuts and seeds grouping of complementary proteins, is limiting in
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Lysine
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What is a good combination of complementary proteins that meets essential amino acid needs?
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Black beans and cornbread
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Describe how our body reacts to starvation.
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There is a special area of the cell, called the amino acid pool, where amino acids are temporarily stored, these will be depleted first before any body proteins are broken down.
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What best describes your instructor's impression of protein supplements for muscle gain?
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If they are helpful, it is probably because they provide extra calories, not extra protein.
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To stay in good health, we would like to stay below what body mass index?
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25
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To incidence of overweight and obesity in the U.S. is now estimated at about ___% of the adult population.
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65
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Why do we see an increase in BMR with overeating?
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Increase in thyroid hormone secretion
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Define a limiting amino acid.
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A protein that does not provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids.
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Which of the following would a vegetarian want to avoid, based on class discussion?
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Gelatin
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When is conversion of amino acids to glucose important?
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During starvation
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The caloric content of alcohol is _____kcal/g
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7
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If a food contains 15 grams of protein and 200 kcalories what is the % protein in the food?
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30
(15*4)/200 |
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A protein with high net protein utilization is one which
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has the essential amino acid composition that supports protein synthesis and is well digested
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What is the limiting amino acid in soybeans?
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Methionine
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Deamination of amino acids occurs
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when amino acids are consumed in excess of need
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Which of the following foods would have the highest and lowest net protein utilization?
Whole wheat bread Whole milk Soybeans Cornflakes |
Highest-- milk (80s)
Lowest-- whole wheat bread (50s). |
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Which of the following is NOT true?
a. BMR increases with overeating b. Females generally have a lower BMR than males c. BMR usually increases as you get older d. BMR is higher in someone with a high lean body mass. |
c. BMR usually increases as you get older.
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What would the outcome most likely be if a person has not eaten anything for a week?
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Boy proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool.
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A person is consuming a vegetarian diet with rice as the only protein source. What would the predicted outcome be?
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Body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
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A person is consuming a diet that is excessive in kcal, providing 30% of kcal as protein. What would the predicted outcome be?
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Amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat.
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We discussed the Keys starvation study and described two primary observations regarding the effects of starvation, one physiological and only psychological. Give me either one of theses effects of starvation.
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1. All we dream/ think about is food
2. BMR decreases because metabolic rate is slowing down. |
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We listed a number of functions of protein on the board, such as hormones like insulin that regulate metabolism. Give me one other function of our proteins in the body.
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1. Catalyze Chemical Reactions-- speeds up chemical reactions in the body, enzymes
2. Regulate Body Processes-- insulin and glucagon 3. Immune system-- antibodies 4. Transport-- Lipoprotein 5. Structure/Strength |
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What is the advantage of consuming 'live' enzymes in popular health products made from fruit juices.
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live enzymes mean they are active and they will help with digestion.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of nonexercise activity?
Walking to class Using the stairs routinely at work Completing an aerobics class Washing your hair |
Completing an aerobics class
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What are your instructor's feelings about marketing of food to children?
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He is angry about the situation and regulations should be considered.
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Breastfeeding is likely beneficial for maintaining a healthy weight later in life because...
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The baby learns how to self-regulate caloric intake.
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Which of the following is NOT something your instructor gave as examples of how things have changed in the US over the past 30 years, making it difficult for people to choose/consume a healthy portion.
a. free refills b. larger plates/dinners c. restaurants serve larger portions d. restaurants taste better and are more fun to eat at. |
d. Restaurants taste better and are more fun to eat at.
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At this time, we believe that the primary benefit for weight management of eating breakfast comes from...
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Hunger is better controlled when intake is spread over 3 or more meals a day.
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Cleaning your plate became a well accepted cultural concept in the US when?
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At the end of WWII when the USDA began to promote the idea.
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Which of the following foods is likely about 35-40 fold lower in energy density than cream cheese, as discussed?
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Orange Juice
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Which of the following diseases did we discuss DOES NOT HAVE a clear link to obesity?
a. prostate cancer b. lung cancer c. heart disease d. breast cancer |
Lung cancer
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What did we conclude about a parent helping children make healthy food choices?
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Parents should not be judgmental about food, should not use food as a reward or punish children for not eating a particular food.
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What site of fat storage is most associated with an increase in heart disease risk?
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abdomen
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What did we conclude regarding the fat content of the diet as it relates to weight loss?
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Fat content should be kept to less than 30% of calories, so not severe restriction, but rather just following the healthy heart guidelines.
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How did we define body mass index?
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Wt in lbs/(Ht in inches)2 * 703
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How did we define obesity in children? Using the body mass index-for-age charts?
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Greater than 80th percentile
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Which of the following strategies did your instructor feel would be successful in a weight management program?
a. variety of foods b. drinking 1 full glass of water before eating c. cutting fat content d. skipping meals |
a. Variety of foods
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How did we define the set point for weight in class?
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The body weight that we defend against change.
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What is the leading cause of diabetes, especially Type 2, in the US?
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Obesity
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What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the kcal needs for two healthy men of similar age and size?
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Physical activity level
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How did we suggest you determine a reasonable caloric intake for a weight loss of 1 pound per week?
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Take the intake that would maintain your weight and subtract 500 kcal from that
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List two things that we like/dislike when we are born.
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Like-- sweet and salty
Dislike-- sour and bitter. |
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We talked about behavior modification as an important aspect of weight management programs. What example did I give of a behavior modification technique commonly used in weight loss programs?
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Dietary log
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What are some recommendations to maintain weight management?
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Moderation
Low fat diet Low energy density foods Portion size |
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What is Marasums and Kwashiorkor? What is the main factor that distinguishes the two?
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Marasums-- skin and bones
Kwashiorkor-- children with the 'pop' bellies What distinguishes the two is edema which is fluid accumulation in the tissues causing the big belly. |
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What makes a protein non permissible?
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Greater than 30% protein supplements.
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What can a pregnant woman develop if she does not get enough protein?
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Preecclampsia
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