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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blue/Green Algae Toxin Deficiency?
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N/A
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Sulfate Deficiency?
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N/A
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Nitrate Deficiency?
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N/A
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Calcium Deficiency?
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Susceptable: horses (loose Ca in urine/ sweat), late gestation, early lactation
Acute: Ruminants: muscle weakness. Horses: tetany, facial spasms, prrolapsed 3rd eyelid. Dog: tetany, vomiting, convulsions Chronic: osteomalacia/ rickets |
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Phosphorus Deficiency?
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Chronic, post- parturient hemoglobinuria in adult cattle, osteomalacia/ rickets, pica, dec. production and weight
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Potassium Deficiency?
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Rarely a nutritional problem: muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, pica
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Sodium Deficiency?
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Pica (after weeks); dec food intake/ growth/ lactation, and PU/PD (after months)
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Chlorine Deficiency?
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Susceptible: lactating dairy cows, dec production, metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonate buffers)
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Magnesium Deficiency?
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Acute: Onset assocciated with stress/ bad weather, Older/ Lactating/ Pregnant ruminants: grass tetany, ear twictching, kicking at belly, convulsions, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, death
Chronic: mild hypomagnesemia w/o hypocalcemia, poor growth, dec food intake |
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Copper Deficiency?
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MOST economically important defificiency of cattle. primary or secondary (inc molybdenum and sulfur but normal copper). Spectacled appearance, epiphysitis, diarrhea (2'), swayback in sheep
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Selenium Deficiency?
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Ruminants: myopathy w/ stifness, aspirations, pneumonnia, myoglobinuric nephrosis (acute renal failure), cardiac arrhythmia, CHF, death.
Pigs: hepatosis dietetica |
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Cobalt deficiency?
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Very rare. Anemia; ketosis in ruminants.
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Vitamin A deficiency?
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Pregnant Cows: short gestation, still births, late term abortions, squamous metaplasia of the partotid duct (fetus). Growing cows: dec growth, inc CSF pressure, night blindness, peripheral blindness, convulsions, ataxia
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Vitamin D deficiency?
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Osteomalacia/ rickets
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Vitmain E deificiency?
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Pigs: microangiopathy, hepatosis dietetica, mulberry heart. All species: muscle degeneration.
Cardiac: arrythmia, tachycardia; Skeletal: stiffness, recumbency, dysphagia, myoglobinuria, steatitis |
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Vitamin K deficiency?
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Results from poisoning (Warfarin/ Dicoumaral). Persistent bleeding, hematomas, anemia, delayed clotting
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Thiamine (B1) deficiency?
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Ruminants (high grain diets): polioencephalomalacia.
Monogastrics: anorexia, ataxia, cardiac hypertrophy in dogs |
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Niacin (B3) deficiency?
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Pellagra (black tongue): teh 4 D's
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death |
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Biotin (B7) deficiency?
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rare but possible if egg white are fed or oral antimicrobials. Poor hoof/ horn formation
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Cobalamin (B12) deficiency?
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Anemia
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Vitamin C deificiency?
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nonessential
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Blue/ Green algae toxin toxicity?
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Opisthotonos, convulsions, weakeness, bloody diarrhea, death
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Sulfate Toxicity?
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Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants: central blindness, head pressing, opsithotonos
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Nitrate Toxicity?
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Chocolate- brown blood (nitrite reduced Hb to methHb, cant carry as much oxygen)
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Calcium Toxicity?
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Horses: Calcium carbonate urolithiasis
Cats: calcium oxylate urolithiasis Supresed phosphorus absorption |
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Phosphorus Toxicity?
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Struvite urolithiasis, especially if dietary calcium is low. May supress calcium absorption
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Potassium toxicity?
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dec magnesium, cardiac arrest
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Sodium toxicity?
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>2 % can be toxic to herbivores/ pigs. Diarrhea. PU/PD, dec production. Pigs susceptible (normal Na, low H2O), get eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, inc CSF pressure, head pressing, blindness, convulsions
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Chlorine toxicity?
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Unlikely
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Magnesium Toxicity?
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Struvite urolithiasis
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Copper Toxicity?
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Sheep and Llamas (bedlington terriers), inc liver enzymes, jaundice, hemolytic crisis, death
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Selenium Toxicity?
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Rare, Blind staggers and hoof deformities
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Cobalt Toxicity?
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Rarely ever dietary. Human error usually
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Vitamin A Toxicity?
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dec food intake, dec growth, lameness, CNS signs, teratogenic (fetus)
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Vitamin D Toxicity?
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MOST TOXIC VITAMIN. Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatmia, soft tissue mineralization, weakness, reluctance to move, metastatic calcification (heart blood vessels, kidneys). Weight loss in horses. HEMORRHAGIC GASTRITIS WITH VOMITING IN PIGS
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Vitamin E Toxicity?
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Non Toxic!
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Vitamin K Toxicity?
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K1 is the least toxic of vitamins. K3 acute failure, colic, and death in horses.
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Thiamine (B1) Toxicity?
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Non -Toxic!
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Niacin (B2) Toxicity?
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Non- Toxic!
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Biotin (B7) Toxicity?
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Non- Toxic!
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Cobalamin (B12) Toxicity?
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Non- Toxic!
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Vitamin C Toxicity?
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nonessential
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