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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macromolecules |
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids |
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Vitamins and minerals |
Vitamins are organic Minerals are inorganic |
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Macromolecules tests |
Proteins=Biuret + violet to proteins, pink to peptides Starch=Iodine + blue black Sugars=Benadicts + Colour change depending on sugar type Fats=Brown Paper Bag + translucent |
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Catalysts |
Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the activation |
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Enzymes |
Fit perfectly into specific substrates |
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Enzymes optimal ph/temp |
Ph-6-8 Temp-body temperature if it goes above 50 enzymes will denature |
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Enzymes inhibitors |
Similar shape to substrates that block or deform active site |
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Ingestion |
Taking nutrients into the body |
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Digestion |
Breaking down food into smaller pieces |
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Digestion path |
1. The mouth 2. The esophagus 3. The stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Accessory organs -liver -gallbladder -pancreas 7. Rectum 8. Anus |
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Kidneys functions and parts |
Filter blood of toxins and nutrients - Cortex is the outer layer - Medulla is the middle layer - Pelvis is funnel-like opening of the ureters |
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Ureters |
Two long muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
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Bladder |
An organ that holds urine |
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Urethra |
Leads out of the bladder and exits the body |
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Nephron |
In the kidneys - Filter allows for nutrients to stay in the blood and waste to be excreted - Tubule is a reabsorption device Proximal tubule-removes materials Distal tubule-adds materials |
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Glomerulus and Bomans capsule |
Filters that absorb nutrients from the blood such as glucose, protein and W/Rbc and secrete salt, some water, and urea |
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Pharynx/Epiglottis Alveoli Larynx Trachea Bronchiolitis |
- The pharynx is the passageway for food and air - Epiglottis is a flap of tissue which prevents the food from entering the windpipe/trachea - The Alveoli are tiny clusters of air sacs found on the end of bronchiole - Larynx is the upper portion of the trachea - Trachea is the path of air from the larynx to the lungs - Bronchiolitis branches into the right and left lungs |
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Osmoregulation |
When blood plasma becomes too concentrated (dehydrated) the body releases ADH in order to stop water secretion. When blood plasma becomes too dilute your pituitary gland inhibits ADH. |
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Inhalation and Exhalation |
- Diaphragm contracts and flattens and chest cavity increases, pressure decreases -Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped, the volume decreases |
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Alderstone and ADH |
- Alderstone allows for more salt to be secreted - ADH stops the body from secreting water |
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What is the first macromolecule to be broken down and what enzyme does it? Where is protein broken down |
Protein, pepsin, the stomach |
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Where are amino acids released? |
The proximal tubule |
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Why aren't proteins found in the filtrate? |
Protein is too large to fit through the glomerulus |
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Where does aldosterone act and what does it do? |
The wall of the kidney to reobsorb sodium ions into the blood |
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Glomerulus Distal tubule Loop of henle Proximal tubule |
- filtration of solute - secretion occurs here - sodium and water and regulated by active and passive transport - most passive and active reabsorbtion occurs here |
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Why is CO2 needed to breath |
Carbon dioxide stimulates the breathing centre |
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What breaks down polsacrides? Where is this gastric juice created? |
Amylase and it's created in the pancreas |
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What increases enzyme activity |
Higher enzyme concentration, decreased product concentration, increased substrate, increased temperature to around 30-37 |
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Diabetes |
Diabetes insipidus-water urine Diabetes mellitus-sugar urine |
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What remains in the blood? |
Ref blood cells, platelets, plasma proteins and white blood cells |
