Nutrition Chapters 15 & 16

Front 1

A diet that excludes only those foods that a person cannot chew (includes all foods and seasonings) is called?

Back 1

mechanical soft diet

Front 2

Difficulty in swallowing is called?

Back 2

dysphagia

Front 3

The drawing in of food, gastric secretions, or liquid inot the lungs is called?

Back 3

aspiration

Front 4

The region of the body just above the stomach is called?

Back 4

epigastric

Front 5

A burning sensation felt behind the sternum caused by the presence of gastric juices in the esophagus is called?

Back 5

heartburn

Front 6

Anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor and the consequent malabsorption of vitamin B12 is called?

Back 6

pernicious anemia

Front 7

Inflammation of the stomach lining is called?

Back 7

gastritis

Front 8

A protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the stomach is called?

Back 8

hiatal hernia

Front 9

An erosion of the top layer of cells from the mucosa of the lower esophagus, the stomach, or the small intestine is called?

Back 9

peptic ucler

Front 10

Marked hypersecretion of gastric acid and consequent peptic uclers caused by a tumor of the pancreas is called?

Back 10

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Front 11

Surgery to remove all or part of the stomach is called?

Back 11

gastrectomy

Front 12

Surgery that enlarges the pyloric sphincter is called?

Back 12

pylorplasty

Front 13

Surgery that severs the nerves that stimulate gastric acid secretion is called?

Back 13

vagotomy

Front 14

Surgery for severe obesity that limits the functional size of the stomach is called?

Back 14

gastric partitioning

Front 15

Vague abdominal pain is called? It's also known as indigestion.

Back 15

dyspepsia

Front 16

The backflow of regurgitation of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus, causing inflammation of the esophagus is called?

Back 16

Gerd/Reflux esophagitis

Front 17

Lesions or sores in the lining of the esophagus is called?

Back 17

esophageal ulcers

Front 18

Changes in the cells of the esophagus associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux that raise the risk of cancer of the esophagus is called?

Back 18

Barrett's esophagus

Front 19

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has just had a tonsillectomy?

Back 19

mechanical soft diet

Front 20

What kind of diet would you recommend for dysphagia?

Back 20

mechanical soft diet

Front 21

Indigestion is also known as?

Back 21

dyspepsia

Front 22

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has gastritis?

Back 22

liberal bland diet

Front 23

This disorder most often follows the repeated use of aspirin or other medications that irritate the gastric mucosa.

Back 23

acute gastritis

Front 24

This disorder may be associated with aging, peptic ulcer disease and conditions that cause the chronic reflux of basic fluids from the duodenum into the stomach.

Back 24

chronic gastritis

Front 25

Many people with chronic gastritis have ___.

Back 25

pernicious anemia

Front 26

What is the result of chronic gastritis?

Back 26

The gastric cells gradually shrink and gastric secretions decline.

Front 27

What are the 3 main causes of peptic ulcers?

Back 27

1. helicobacter pyloric infections
2. use of certain anti-inflammatory medications
3. disorders that cause excessive gastric acid secretion

Front 28

How are peptic ulcers treated?

Back 28

antisecretory agents

Front 29

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has peptic ulcers?

Back 29

liberal bland diet

Front 30

What are the 4 types of gastric surgeries?

Back 30

1. pyloroplasty
2. gastrectomy
3. vagotomy
4. gastric partitioning

Front 31

When undigested food gets "dumped" rapidly into the ___, dumping syndrome may occur.

Back 31

jejunum

Front 32

A post-gastrectomy diet limits the total amount of ___ as well the amount of ___. It emphasizes foods high in ___ and provides additional energy from ___.

Back 32

carbohydrates, simple sugars, protein, fat

Front 33

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has had gastric partioning?

Back 33

mechanical soft diet

Front 34

Gastric surgery can result in ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Back 34

weight loss, nutrient deficiencies, anemia, bone disease

Front 35

the condition of having infrequent or difficult bowel movements is called?

Back 35

constipation

Front 36

___ is a side effect of a high-fiber diet.

Back 36

excessive gas

Front 37

What 3 kinds of components of food may cause gas for some ppl?

Back 37

1. high fat foods
2. fructose
3. sugar alcohols

Front 38

What is gas in the intestinal tract or the expelling of gas from the intestinal tract called?

Back 38

flatus

Front 39

The frequent passage of watery bowel movements are called?

Back 39

diarrhea

Front 40

___ diarrhea results from an accelerated movement of fluids and electrolytes from the intestinal capillaries into the lumen of the intestine.

Back 40

secretory

Front 41

___ diarrhea results from an increase in an osmolality of the intestinal contents due to unabsorbed nutrients or drugs.

Back 41

osmotic

Front 42

Dumping syndrome is an example of ___ diarrhea.

Back 42

osmotic

Front 43

___ is an intestinal disorder of unknown causes.

Back 43

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 44

___ is a medication that reduces GI tract motility.

Back 44

anticholinergics

Front 45

What do antidiarrheals do?

Back 45

slows GI tract motility

Front 46

Stress management would be used to treat this GI tract disorder.

Back 46

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 47

What are the two main nutrient deficiencies of lactose intolerance to be concerned with?

Back 47

calcium and vitamin D

Front 48

Disorders of the ___, ___, ___, and ___
can all lead to fat malabsorption.

Back 48

stomach, pancreas, intestine, liver

Front 49

Fatty diarrhea characterized by loose, foamy, foul-smelling stools is called?

Back 49

steatorrhea

Front 50

Many ppl with severe fat malabsorption develop ___ deficiencies.

Back 50

fatty acid

Front 51

___ are chemical compounds formed between a basic mineral (such as calcium and magnesium) and unabsorbed fatty acids.

Back 51

soaps

Front 52

___ give steatorrhea its foamy appearance.

Back 52

soaps

Front 53

High urinary ___ favors the formation of kidney stones.

Back 53

oxalate

Front 54

___ are used when fat malabsorption occurs.

Back 54

enzyme replacements

Front 55

When activated digestive enzymes within the pancreas causes damage to the pancreas itself is what disorder?

Back 55

pancreatitis

Front 56

What is an indicator of pancreatitis?

Back 56

serum amylase and lipase in the blood

Front 57

Pancreatitis is a consequence of ___.

Back 57

alcoholism

Front 58

This is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus that affects many organs, including the pancreas, liver, heart, gallbladder and small intestine.

Back 58

cystic fibrosis

Front 59

Progression of this disease leads to the formation of fibrous tissue in the intestine reducing its absorptive capacity, narrowing the intestinal lumen, and sometimes creating an obstruction.

Back 59

inflammatory bowel disease

Front 60

___ is infection and inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity caused by leakage of infectious organisms through a perforation (hole) in an abdominal organ.

Back 60

peritonitis

Front 61

What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Back 61

Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis

Front 62

__ is a tumor or growth that contains foreign organisms surrounded by immune system cells and covered with a fibrous coat.

Back 62

granuloma

Front 63

This disease is characterized by inflammation and ulceration along the length of the GI tract, often with granulomas.

Back 63

Chron's disease

Front 64

___ is the inflammation and ulceration of the colon.

Back 64

ulcerative colitis

Front 65

___ is an abnormal opening between two organs or between an internal organ and the skin.

Back 65

fistula

Front 66

___ refers to the problems of fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies that result from the overgrowth of bacteria in a bypassed segemnt of the intestine.

Back 66

blind loop syndrome

Front 67

Bacteria in the small intestine partly dismantle ___ which causes fat malabsorption.

Back 67

bile salts

Front 68

___ refers to severe malabsorption that may occur when the absorptive surface of the small bowel is reduced, resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, bone disease, hypcalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and anemia.

Back 68

short bowel syndrome

Front 69

A genetic disorder causing sensitivity to a part of the protein gluten that cause flattening of the intestinal villi and malabsorption is called?

Back 69

celiac disease

Front 70

These proteins act as toxic substances damaging the intestinal villi and leading to malabsorption.

Back 70

gluten

Front 71

What 4 components of food contain protein fractions that may damage the intestinal cells of a person who has celiac disease?

Back 71

wheat, barley, rye, oats

Front 72

Sacs or pouches that develop in the weakened areas of the intestinal wall are called?

Back 72

diverticula

Front 73

The condition of having diverticula is called?

Back 73

diverticulosis

Front 74

The condition of having infected diverticula is called.

Back 74

diverticulitis

Front 75

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone with diverticulosis?

Back 75

high fiber diet, no seeds

Front 76

___ is a surgery taht creates an opening from a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall and out through the skin; the rectum and anus are removed; allows for defecation when feces cannot pass through the colon and anus

Back 76

colostomy

Front 77

In a ___, the entire colon is removed.

Back 77

ileostomy

Front 78

People with ostomies need less or extra fluids?

Back 78

extra

Front 79

What kind of diet would you recommend to someone with an ostomy?

Back 79

low-fiber, bland diet