Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Proteins functions:
|
4 kcal/g
vital body organs and structures cell growth and repair fluid balance, pH balance, hormones, enzymes, immune functions |
|
|
basic unit of protein=
|
amino acid
composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen |
|
|
Urea Cycle =
|
nitrogen that isn't used, the liver turns it into ammonia (toxic) which is then turned into urea (not toxic) then goes to kidney for excretion
|
|
|
20 amino acids
|
9 essential for adults (10 for infants)
11 non essential |
|
|
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
|
1/10.000 infants born with this.
missing the enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (essential aa) to melanins. so phenylalanine builds up in brain. Lack melanins so they are albino and mousy odor treatment= limit phenylalanine and proteins, and aspartame. |
|
|
only plant food that contains all essential amino acids =
|
soy products
|
|
|
Protein Synthesis=
|
takes amino acids and puts them together = peptide bond joins them together
polypeptide = >50 amino acids |
|
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
|
polypeptide doesn't fold correctly, amino acid out of order so the red blood cell is sickle shaped can't carry oxygen - catches in vessels and causes clots.
|
|
|
protein denaturation:
|
acid/heat cause protein to unfold (denature)
|
|
|
Digestion of Protein
|
starts in stomach
triggers chief cells (breaks bonds after HCl denatures protein) triggers parietal cells (releases HCl) small intestines=triggers CCK hormone secretion, causes pancreas to release pancreatic proteases (breaks peptide bonds) |
|
|
Absorption of Proteins
|
absorbed directly into blood circulation after digestion
|
|
|
Food Allergies
|
when a whole polypeptide gets absorbed into the blood which launches immune system
common: milk, egg, nuts, peanuts, fish/shellfish, soy, wheat |
|
|
anaphylaxis
|
food allergies cause this
respiratory system swells and can't breath use epinephrine |
|
|
amino acid supplements=
|
may cause imbalances because excess of one amino acid can compete with others.
|
|
|
recommended protein intake
|
RDA for adults= 0.8 of protein/kg of body weight
|
|
|
increased needs for protein:
|
pregnancy
lactation growing infants/children illness |
|
|
high intensity activity uses:
|
glucose
|
|
|
moderate intensity activity
|
uses glucose and fatty acids with hardly any amino acids
|
|
|
rest
|
burns fatty acids, uses little glucose and little amino acids
|
|
|
recommended protein intake for a weight lifter
|
1.4-1.8 g/kg of body weight
|
|
|
recommended protein intake for endurance athlete:
|
1.5-2g/kg of body weight
need more because protein can be converted into glucose repairs small tears in muscles |
|
|
health effects of high protein
|
excess protein is stored as fat
2x more than RDA for protein increases risk of kidney stones increases risk of kidney failure colon cancer |
|
|
how much of our protein intake comes from animal sources? worldwide?
|
70%
35% |
|
|
top contributors of protein in the US
|
beef
poultry milk cheese |
|
|
vegetarians
|
1 in 40 adults
because ethics religion healthier |
|
|
plant proteins
|
advantages=low kcal, no cholesterol, low sat fats, high fiber
disadvantages=low quality |
|
|
vegan
|
only eat plant foods
|
|
|
lactovegetarian
|
will have dairy products
|
|
|
lactoovovegetarian
|
will have dairy and egg products
|
|
|
complementary proteins
|
grain lacks lysine
legumes lacks methionine examples= peanut butter and bread beans and rice corn tortillas and beans |
|
|
Kwashiorkor
|
low protein deficiency
usually 2nd child doesn't get protein from breast milk and instead mom feeds them high carb diet symptoms= edema stunted growth reduced immunity |
|
|
Marasmus=
|
low protein food calories and energy
basically starvation symptoms= skin and bones look, stunted growth, weakness, reduced immunity |
|
|
when in starvation, body burns....
|
glycogen first
then protein fat protein (organs, tissues) death |
