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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Energy metabolism centers on these four basic units (that come from digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat).
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Fats= Glycerol, fatty acids
Proteins= Amino Acids Carbohydrates= Glucose |
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When a fasting period starts, _______stores supply _________ and body fat stores supply __________for energy, but only the ________ can be used by the brain. As a fast continues, _________ from protein and _________from fat can be made into _____________ and _______ for energy.
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glycogen, glucose, fatty acids, glucose, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Glucose and Ketones
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Name three changes that occur in the body during fasting.
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Lowering of body temperature
• Liver’s glycogen is used first for energy • Fat stores used next • Fat cannot fuel the brain & nervous system • Lean tissue (protein) is broken down for glucose • Adaptation occurs • Ketosis: ketones can fuel parts of the brain • Slows the breakdown of lean tissue • Body metabolism slows Immune System becomes impaired |
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When carbohydrate is not available, what fat-related compound is formed that can be used for energy by cells other than the brain and nervous system.
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It combines fragments of fatty acids to form Ketones which are capable of fueling some brain cells.
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The energy needed to maintain life and vital body processes at rest is __________. It represents the major portion of energy needs. It can be lowered by __________,___________,______.
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Basal Metabolic Metabolism
loss of lean body mass, fasting, malnutrition |
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In order to calculate a person’s EER accurately, what 5 pieces of information do we need?
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Gender,
growth, age, physical activity, body composition body size(Height and Weight). |
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The type of fat that poses the greatest health risk is __________ People who have this type of fat have an ______ profile, and we would say they have _________. This type of obesity is best assessed by a ____________measurement.
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visceral fat/Intr-abdominal fat
Apple profile central obesity waist circumference |
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Those with a high risks of health problems from obesity have a BMI of OVERWEIGHT: _______; OBESE: greater or equal to ______ and/or a waist circumference of MEN: ____; WOMEN: ____ or greater
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OVERWEIGHT: 25 through 29.9; OBESE: greater or equal to 30,
40, 35 |
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More aggressive treatment for obesity is indicated in people who have one of the following three established diseases: ______________,______________,______________,__________ or who have 3 or more risk factors for ______________disease.
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heart disease, diabetes, sleep apnea, including temporary stopping of breathing
Cerebral Vascular Disease |
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As carbs and fats are depleted during fasting or starvation, the body then uses _________as its fuel source
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Proteins
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When carbs are not available for use as in fasting or starvation, the body produces Ketones which are made from
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Fatty Acid Fragments
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Three hazards of fasting are
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Wasting of lean tissue, disturbance of the bodys electrolite balance and impairment of the bodies immune system
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Two activities that contribute to the bodies basal metabolic system are
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Maintenance of body temperature and heartbeat
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Three factors that affect the bodies basal metabolic system are
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age, body composition and height
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The largest component of energy expendeture is
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basal metabolism
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What reflects height and weight
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Body Mass index
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The BMI that reflects the fewest health risks are
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18.5 to 24.9
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The profile of central obesity is referred to as
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Apple figure
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Which of the following health risks is not associated with being overweight
a.) Hypertension b.) Heart Disease c.) Type one diabetes. d)Gallbladder disease d.) |
Type one diabetes
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