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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liquid nutrition into the upper intestinal tract.
a)enteral nutrition b)parenteral nutrition c)liquid nutrition |
a)enteral nutrition
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State 2 risks associated with enteral nutrition.
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aspiration
infection diarrhea electrolyte imbalance |
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Which type of feeding tube is the following:
a short-term tube placed into the stomach a)PEG b)NE c)NG d)J |
NG (nasogastric)
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Which type of feeding tube is the following:
a short-term tube placed into the duodenum or jejeunem a)PEG b)NE c)NG d)J |
NE (nasoenteric)
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Which type of feeding tube is the following:
a long-term tube placed surgically through the abdomen into the jejeunem a)PEG b)NE c)NG d)J |
J tube (Jejeunostomy)
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Which type of feeding tube is the following:
a long-term tube placed into the stomach through the abdomen a)PEG b)NE c)NG d)J |
PEG (percutaneous gastrostomy)
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What is the most reliable way to evaluate feeding tube placement?
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x-ray
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What is the best way for a nurse to regularly verify feeding tube placement?
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aspiration of stomach contents and measuring the pH of the aspirate to ensure that it is acidic.
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The delivery of nutrition by IV through a central venous catheter.
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parenteral nutrition
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Why is sterile technique used with the administration of parenteral nutrition?
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Because the risk of infection is so great, and likelihood of sepsis.
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A patient who is severely malnourished, has extensive burns or trauma, or who must rest his GI tract will likely receive what type of nutrition?
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TPN (total parenteral nutrtion)
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In which type of feeding tube would you NOT check residual volume before feeding?
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J tube
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Which type of fat is most commonly found in foods?
a) phospholipids b) sterols c) glycerides |
c) glycerides
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Which type of fat is synthesized by the liver?
a) phospholipids b) sterols c) glyderides |
b) sterols
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Which type of fat is soluble in water?
a) phopholipids b) sterols c) glycerides |
a) phospholipids
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Essential fatty acid found in polyunsaturated vegetable oilds.
a)linoleic acid (Omega 6) b)alpha-linoleic acid (Omega 3) c)phospholipid |
a) linoleic acid
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Essential fatty acid found in fatty fish.
a)linoleic acid (Omega 6) b)alpha-linoleic acid (Omega 3) c)phospholipid |
b) alpha-linoleic acid
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What is the most common nutritional problem worldwide?
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iron deficiency (anemia)
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Magnesium play what role in CV disease prevention.
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decreases the risk of HTN
decreases the risk of CAD in women |
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Iron absorption is enhanced in the presence of which vitamin?
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Vitamin C
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Calcium absorption is decreased with what vitamin deficiency?
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vitamin D
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Which medication may decrease folate levels and increase the excretion of Vitamin C?
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ASA (aspirin)
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Which type of medication may result in calcium & potassium depletion?
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laxatives
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Which type of medication decreases the absorption of Vitamin B12?
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thiazide diuretics
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Vegans must supplement with this Vitamin because it is not found in plant sources.
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Vitamin B12
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Which energy nutrient supplies energy for muscle and organ function.
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carbohydrate
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Where is glycogen stored in the body?
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the liver
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This hormone promotes the movement of glucose into the cells for use, resulting in a decrease in blood sugar.
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insulin
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Proteins are complex molecules made up of ___________.
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amino acids
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How much protein should the average adult consume each day?
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1 g/kg/day
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An amino acid that the body synthesizes; we do not need to get them from food.
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nonessential amino acid
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An amino acid that we have to get from foods; the body does not synthesize them.
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essential amino acid
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Plant sources, such as legumes, are what type of protein?
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incomplete
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This reflects how well body tissues are being maintained.
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nitrogen balance
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Organic substances that are insoluble in water.
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lipids
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Lipids that are solid at room temperature.
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fats
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This compound is needed for the formation of cell membranes, Vitamin D formation, & estrogen/testosterone production.
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cholesterol
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This is the "bad" kind of cholesterol that transports cholesterol to body cells.
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LDL
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A type of fatty acid that is solid at room temperature, dense, and heavy.
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saturated
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Give three examples of a saturated fat source.
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whole milk
butter cheese ice cream chocolate red meat coconut products |
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Give 3 examples of sources of trans-fatty acids.
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margarines
vegetable shortening partially hydrogenated veg. oil deep fried chips fast foods commercially baked goods |
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This energy source provides flavor & satiety to foods.
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fats
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Organic substances the body cannot make which are supplied through foods.
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vitamins
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What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins.?
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A, D, E, K
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Which vitamins need to be consumed every day?
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Vitamins C & B complex
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Inorganic elements found in nature.
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minerals
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What is the most common mineral deficiency in the U.S.?
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calcium
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How much fluid does the average adult need to consume?
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2 1/2 - 3 liters / day
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A BMI of 30 indicates that a person is what?
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obese
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A BMI of 18 indicates that a person is what?
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underweight
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A measure of the energy required by resting tissue to maintain basic function.
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BMR (basal metabolic rate)
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The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Centigrade.
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kilocalorie
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At which developmental is there a dramatic rise in eating disorders?
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adolescence
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A sodium restricted diet would be appropriate for which clients?
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those with hypertension or heart failure
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The formation of larger molecules from smaller ones (building up).
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anabolism
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The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones (tearing down).
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catabolism
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What is the normal range for blood glucose?
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70-110 mg/dl
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What is the normal range for serum albumin levels?
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3.5-5 g/dl
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What is the normal range for pre-albumin levels?
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15-36 mg/dl
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What is the normal range for globulin levels?
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2.3-3.4 g/dl
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What is the normal range for BUN values?
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8-20 mg/dl
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What is the normal range for creatinine values?
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0.5-1.2 mg/dl
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What is the normal range for hemoglobin values for men? for women?
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men = 14-18 g/dl
women = 12-16 g/dl |
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Name 3 sources of Vitamin A.
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fish liver oil
liver butter cream egg yolk yellow fruit green leafy vegetables fortified milk |
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Name 3 sources of Vitamin D.
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fish liver oil
fish fortified milk sunlight exposure |
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Name 3 sources of Vitamin E.
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vegetable oils
nuts milk eggs muscle meats fish wheat & rice germ green leafy vegetables |
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Name 2 sources of Vitamin K.
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green leafy vegetables
liver broccoli |
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Name 3 sources of Vitamin C.
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citrus fruits
tomatoes potatoes green leafy vegetables cauliflower |
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Give 3 sources of potassium.
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fruits
vegetables meats potatoes avocados legumes milk molasses shellfish dates |
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Give 3 sources of calcium.
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dairy products
sardines green leafy vegetables broccoli whole grains egg yolks legumes nuts |
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Give 3 sources of magnesium.
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whole grains
nuts legumes green leafy vegetables lima beans broccoli squash potatoes |
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Give 3 sources of dietary iron.
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meats
eggs spinach seafood broccoli peas bran enriched breads fortified cereals |
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Give 3 sources of dietary zinc.
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meats
seafood legumes peas whole grains |
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Fats are converted directly into an alternative fuel called _____________.
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ketones
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If a food contains all of the essential amino acids, it is said to be a ________ protein.
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complete
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Most digestion of protein occurs in the __________.
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small intestine
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During amino acid breakdown, nitrogen is converted into _________.
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ammonia
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During what physiologic states is a positive nitrogen balance seen.
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pregnancy
tissue maintenance & repair |
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During what physiologic states is a negative nitgrogen balance seen.
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illness
injury (such as burns) malnutrition |
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Most of the metabolism of lipids occurs in the _______.
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small intestine
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