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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protein
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-growth/repair of tissue
-make enzymes, antibodies, hormones -energy source |
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1. Supply Energy
2. Allow 4 growth & maintenance of tissues 3. Regulate body processes 4. May be stored |
Requirements of food
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Organic
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Simple Carbs- fruits, dairy and veggies(low)
-refined sugars(high) Complex Carbs- good sources of fiber, vitamins and minerals (low) |
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Phytochemicals
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(protect against cancers, diabetes, heart disease)
Germ- Sprout of new plant Endosperm- Energy for seed Brain- Outer layer/fiber |
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Essential Proteins(9)
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must get in diet
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Non essential Protein
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we can make these
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Kwashiorkor Disease
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lacking essential amino acids
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Villains in meat
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Home iron
Nitrates/Nitrites Nitrosamines/Salt Heterocylic amines (HCA'S) |
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Fats&Lipids
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-solid or oil
-contain C,H,O -help us feel full longer |
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3 kinds of Fats
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1.Phospholipids
2.Cholesterol(steroid) 3.Triglycerides(most fat we consume) |
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Atherosclerosis
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narrowing of vessels
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Vitamin A
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skin/hair/membranes
night vision -green/yellow-orange veggies&dairy |
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Vitamin D
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bones/teeth - helps absorb Ca; maybe numerous roles
-found in dairy, liver, sun (prevents rickets) |
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Vitamin E
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prevents oxidation
-found in nuts, grains, leafy veggies |
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Vitamin K
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blood clotting
-found in green, leafy veggies -made by intestinal bacteria |
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Thiamin
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helps make ACh
-found in whole grains (Beri-Beri is deficiency w/intestinal paralysis) |
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Riboflavin
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helps use nutrients for energy
-found in whole grains, dairy, green veggies |
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Felic Acid
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prevents spina bifada
(neural tube defects) if taken before conceiving&in first 3 months of pregnancy -found in green, leafy veggies |
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Vitamin C
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-holds endothelial cells together
-holds teeth in sockets -helps form new tissues for healing -works w/antibodies -anti oxidant Deficiency is scurvy |
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Benefits of Vitamin C
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-cancer antidote
-artery protector -fatherhood booster -life extender -prevents colds -lessen symptoms |
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Dr. Linus Pauling
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(chem prof. at stanford)
-2x Nobel prize winner -2000-1800 mg of vitamin C a day |
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1. Fat Soluble(A,D,E,K) can be stored
2. Water Soluble- can't be stored |
2 types of vitamins
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Roles of Water
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-coolant
-solvent used in transport/digestion -lubricates joints -maintains osmotic balance -cushions fetus |
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Hyponatremia
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too much water
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Inorganic Nutrients
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-minerals
-vitamins |
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Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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-liquids at room temp
1. Monounsaturated(olive oil) -1 double bond - safest fat 2. Polyunsaturated(corn oil) -2 or more double bonds |
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Saturated Fatty Acids
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-solids at room temp
-animal products -increase blood cholesterol |
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Protein
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when paired w/a carb, it stabilizes blood sugar levels
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-9 kcal of energy/g
-makes cell membranes -insulate nerves(myelin) -make hormones |
Roles of Triglycerides
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HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) (good guy)
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picks up blood cholesterol and takes it to the liver to make bile
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LDL
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carries cholesterol to areas that need it or deposits extra in vessels
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-INCREASE CONSUMPTION OF MONOUNSATURATED FATS
-DECREASE CONSUMPTION OF SATURATED FATS -Eat more fish Exercise= lose weight (exercise increases HDL) -decrease intake in calories |
Lowering Blood Cholesterol
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Transport of fat
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fat-mouth-sm.intestine-chylomicrons-travel in blood-muscle fat tissue or liver.
Liver- VLDL or HDl HDL goes back to liver VLDL goes to LDL or to blood blood goes to fat tissue or muscle |
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Fats (9 kcal/g)
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What organic compound gives us the most energy?
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1. Muscles
2. Liver 3. Fat 4. Kidneys |
Name 2 areas in the body that store carbs?
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-increase in flavor
-nutrition -appearance -preservation |
2 uses of additives?
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-Carbs that digest quickly and enter blood quickly
- Refined sugars |
What is meant by "high glycemic index" and what foods lean to this?
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FDA can remove harmful products from the market
(carcinogens) |
What is the Delaney clause?
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