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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most of the body's iron is found in 2 proteins:
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hemoglobin and myoglobin
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heme iron
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iron bound to hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins;
found in meat, fish, and poultry |
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nonheme iron
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iron that is NOT bound to proteins;
plant-derived and animal-derived foods |
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Factors that enhance nonheme iron absorption:
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MFP factor, Vitamin C
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Factors that inhibit nonheme iron absorption:
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phytates, vegetable proteins, calcium, and tannic acid
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Hepcidin
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hormone produced by the liver;
regulates iron balance |
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Who is at high risk for iron deficiency?
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women in reproductive years, pregnant women, infants and young children, and teenagers
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3 Stages of iron deficiency
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iron stores diminish;
transport iron decreases; hemoglobin production declines |
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Iron deficiency
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depleted body iron stores without regard to the degree of depletion or to the presence of anemia
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Iron-deficiency anemia
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severe depletion of iron stores;
results in low hemoglobin concentration |
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Symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia
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fatigue, weakness, headaches, apathy, pallor, and poor resistance to cold temps
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pica
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the craving and consumption of ice, chalk, starch, and other nonfood substances.
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What is the most common genetic disorder in the US?
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hereditary hemochromatosis
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Iron overload symptoms
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tissue damage, infections;
untreated: risk of diabetes, liver cancer, heart disease, and arthritis. |
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Hemochromatosis
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a genetically determined failure to prevent absorption of unneeded dietary iron that is characterized by iron overload and tissue damage.
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Vegetarians need ____ times as much iron as non-vegetarians.
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1.8 times
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Foods from which group are notoriously poor in iron?
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milk group
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Iron absorption improves when supplements are taken when?
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between meals, at bedtime on an empty stomach, and with liquids.
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Highest concentrations of zinc are found where?
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muscle and bone
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Metalloenzymes that require zinc (8)
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--help make parts of the genetic materials DNA and RNA
--manufacture heme for hemoglobin --participate in essential fatty acid metabolism --release vit A from liver stores --metabolize carbs --synthesize proteins --metabolize alcohol in liver --dispose of damaging free radicals |
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The body loses zinc primarily in :
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feces
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Zinc's main transport vehicle in the blood is:
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the protein albumin
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Genetic disorders associated with copper toxicity:
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Menkes disease and Wilson's disease
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Most significant source of manganese
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whole grains!
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A diabetes-like condition may develop with ______ deficiency
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chromium
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Other trace minerals
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nickel, silicon, vanadium, cobalt, boron
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Contaminant minerals
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heavy metals (lead, mercury, and cadmium)
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