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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucose |
Most abundant mono saccharide called dextose, sometimes called blood sugar |
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Monosaccharide |
Single sugars aren't broken down further during digestion glucose , fructose, galactose |
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Fructose |
Monosaccharide also called levulose found in fruits and honey |
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Galatose |
Mono saccharide found as part of lactose (milk and sugar) |
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Disaccharide |
Sugars formed by chemical bonding of 2 monosaccharide |
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Sucrose |
Common table sugar . glucose and fructose found in plants. May be purified to various degrees |
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Maitose |
Disaccharide glucose plus glucose |
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Lactose |
Primary sugar in milk. Milk ➕ galactose |
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Oilgosaccharide |
Complex carbs with 3-10 simple sugar units . can't be broken down by digestive enzymes |
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Polysaccharide |
Complex carbs . hundreds thousands of glucose molecules include some digestive (starch) and some aren't (fiber) |
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Glycogen |
Polysaccharide in liver and muscles . storage of glucose and carbs in animals |
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Insoluble fiber |
Not easily dissolved in water. Metabolized by bacteria in large intestine . it includes cellulose, hemi celluloses, lignins |
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Soluble fiber |
Dissolve in water and metabolized by bacteria in large intestine also called vicious fibers |
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Glucon eogenesis |
Making glucose from non carb nutrition such as protein |
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Insulin |
Allows glucose to enter cells so it can be used for energy or stored decreases blood glucose |
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Glucagon |
Used to raise blood glucose |
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Digestion of carbs |
Mouth, stomach, small intestine |
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Absorption of carbs |
Villi, liver |
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Refined |
Lacks vitamins, minerals , fibers |
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Hyperglycemia |
High blood glucose above 125 mg / 100 ml of blood |
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Hypoglycemia |
Low blood glucose below 59 mg/ 100 ml of blood |
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Diverticulitis |
Diverticula form in wall of colon (large intestine) |
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Glycemic index |
Ratio measuring amt of glucose in blood after eating 50g specific food compared to eating white bread |
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Type 1 diabetes |
Pancreas doesn't produce insulin. Must take insulin injections |
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Type 2 diabetes |
Insulin resistant receptors don't work pancreas may produce excess insulin |
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Amylase |
Breaks down starch into smaller polysaccaride |
