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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrates are _______ compounds composed of what elements?
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Organic, CHO
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Acceptable Macro-nutrient distribution Range (AMDR) is the _____ ______ for an energy source associated with _____ ______ ____while supplying adequate essential nutrients.
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Intake range, chronic disease risk.
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Simple carbohydrates are mono and di_______.
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Saccharides
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monosaccharides are a sugar composed of a single _______ unit. Give examples of a monosaccharide.
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Carbohydrate unit, glucose, fructose, galactose.
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Disaccharides are a sugar formed of 2 _________ units. Give examples.
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Carbohydrate, sucrose, maltose, lactose.
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Polysaccarides are sugars with more than 2 _______ units. Give examples. What is it stored as in liver and muscles?
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Carbohydrate, starch, fiber. Glycogen.
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Glycogen is _______ energy stored in the ______ and _______.
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carbohydrate, liver/muscles.
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Glycogenesis is the procress of what?
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Converting glucose to glycogen.
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Glycogenolysis is the process of what?
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Converting glycogen to glucose.
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Gluconeogenesis is the process of what?
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Producing glucose form fat and protein.
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Ketone bodies are a breakdown product of what?
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fatty acid catabolism.
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Insulin is a _______ produced by the ______ that regulates ______ ______ levels.
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Hormone, pancreas, blood glucose
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glucagon is a _______ hormone that releases what from the liver?
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Pancreatic, glycogen.
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Somatostatin is a hormone produced by ______ and _____ that ______ insulin and glucogons.
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Pancreas and hypothalamus, inhibits.
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Glycemic index is the level to which a food _____ blood glucose levels compared with a reference food.
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Raises
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glycemic load is the ____ _____ _____effect of a mixed meal or dietary plan; calculated by sum of products of glycemic index for each of the foods multiplied by amount of carbohydrates in each food.
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Total glycemic index
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high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is corn syrup _____ to contain an increased proportion of fructose producing similar sweetness or higher than _____.
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processes, sugar (sucrose).
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Sugar alcohols are _____sweeteners related to carbohydrates that provide how many kcal/gram? Sorbital, mannitol and xylitol are examples.
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Nutritive, 2 or 3 kcal/gram.
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Alternative sweeteners are __-______ sweeteners synthetically produced to be sweet tasting. Have few if any kcal. Examples include-aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame K, sucralose
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Non-nutritive.
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Aspartame is a ________ sweetener formed by the bonding of amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid.
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non-nutritive
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a _______disorder in which the body can't break down phenylalanine.
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Genetic
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saccharin is a ________ sweetener.
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Non-nutritive
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acesulfame K is a synthetic ___________ sweetener.
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Non-nutritive
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sucralose is a ___________ sweetener that is suitable for ________, it provides __ energy.
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Non-nutritive, cooking, no.
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complex carbohydrates are ________________ of starch and _________.
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polysaccharides of fiber.
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Dietary fiber is carbohydrates (polysaccharides) and lignin in ____ foods that ____ be digested by humans.
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Plant, can't
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soluble dietary fiber are fibers that dissolve in ________.
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fluids
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insoluble dietary fiber are fibers that do not dissolve in ____.
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fluids.
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Unrefined grains are grains prepared for __________ containing all edible portion of kernels.
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Consumption
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whole grain products are food items made using ______ grains.
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Unrefined.
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Refined grains are grains that contain only some of the ________ kernel.
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Edible
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enrichment is returning ____ lost because of _____ to their original levels.
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Nutrients, processing.
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Hypoglycemia -blood glucose levels are _____ normal values.
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Below
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hyperglycemia-blood glucose levels are _______ normal values.
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Above
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diabetes mellitus is a disorder of _________metabolism characterized by _________ caused by insulin that is either defective or insufficient.
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Carbohydrate, hyperglycemia.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus the pancreas produces _______ insulin.
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No
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus -the pancreas produces ____ insulin.
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Some insulin but it is defective.
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Gestational diabetes occurs most commonly after the __week of gestation.
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20th
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