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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are starches
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They are composed of branched chains of dozens, sometimes hundreds of glucose molecules
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What are enzymes
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Biologic catalysts that speed up metabolism.
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What are essential amino acids
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Cannot be manufactured in the body and must be supplied as part of the protein ingested in the diet.
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What are the nine essential a.a.
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histidine
isoleucine leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine threonine valine tryptophan |
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What are non-essential a.a.
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alanine
aspartic acid cystine glutamic acid glycine hydroxyproline proline serine tyrosine |
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What are non-essential a.a.
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Don't need to eat 'em. Your body can make them.
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What are complete proteins
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contain all essential a.a. plus many nonessential ones.
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Examples of complete proteins
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meats, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs
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What are partially complete proteins
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Animal proteins, which contain less than the required amount of one or more essential a.a.and alone cannot support continued growth.
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Example of partially complete protein
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geletin
milk |
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What are incomplete proteins
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lack one or more essential a.a (most commonly lyseine, methionine or tryptophan) and are usually derived from vegetables.
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What does nitrogen balance mean
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Is a measure of the degree of protein anabolism and catabolism, it is the net result of intake and loss of nitrogen. When nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output, a state of nitrogent balance exists.
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What are lipids
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organic substances that are greasy and don't disolve in water but do disolved in alcohol or ether.
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How do you calculate BMI
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Measure height in meters
Measure the weight in kg bmi = WEIGHT IN KG/HGT IN METERS |
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Guide for BMI Evalucation
<16 16-19 20-25 26-30 31-40 >40 |
malnourished
underweight normal overweight moderately to severely obese morbidly obese |
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Healthy Range of Body Fat
18-39 40-59 60-79 |
21-32%(F) 8-19%(M)
23-33%(F) 11-21%(M) 60-79%(F) 24-35%(M) |
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Regarding nutrition Acetylsalicylic acid will
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Decrease serum folate and folacin nutrition
Increase excretion of vitamin C, thiamine, potassium, amino acids and glucose. May cause nausea and gastritis. |
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Regarding nutrition, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide will
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Decrease absoption of phosphate and vitamin A
Inactivate thiamine May cause deficiency of calcium and vitamin D Increase excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, zinc and riboflavin |
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Regarding nutrition, Thiazide diuretics may
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Cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation.
Decreases absorption of vitamin B12. May cause diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. |
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Regarding nutrition, Potassium chloride may
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Increase excretion of potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
May cause anorexia, nausea or vomiting. Is incompatible with protein hydrolysates. |
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Regarding nutrition, laxatives may
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Cause calcium and potassium depletion.
Mineral oil and phenolphthalein (Ex-Lax) decrease absorption of vitamins, A, D, E and K. |
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Regarding nutrition, antihypertensives such as
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Hydralazine (Apresoline) may cause anorexia, vomiting, nausea and constipation.
Methydopa (Aldomet) increases need for vitamin B12 and folate. May cause dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. |
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Regarding nutrition, anti-inflammatory agents such as
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Colchicine decreases absorption of vitamin B12, carotene, fat, lactose, sodium, potassium, protein, and cholesterol.
Prednisone decreases absoption of calcium and phosphorus. |
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Antidepressants and nutrition
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Amitriptyline (Elavil) increases food intake (large amounts may suppress intake)
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Antineoplastics and nutrition
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Can cause nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea.
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