Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Potential Problems with vitamin, mineral, electrolyte supplements
|
vitamins: fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in the body and can b/c toxic, esp. vit. A
Minerals: iron--> toxicity; hurts empty stomach, but taking with food decreases absorption; can cause severe constipation; need to have a high fiber, high water diet *zinc: possible toxicity; can decrease copper levels |
minerals:
hydrogen: source in acid-base balance excesses seen in acidosis; treated with bicarbonate. bicarbonate: source of alkali in acid-base balance; excesses can be treated w/ acidifiers |
|
|
client teaching about vitamins, minerals, herbs, electrolytes
|
- make sure to tell your dr. everything you take --> need to be aware of adverse effects
- not closely regulated by FDA so do your research and buy from reputable source - too much of anything is a bad thing, stick to the daily suggested amounts - tell your doc. if fever, nausea, vomiting - vitamins can be toxic |
|
|
|
benefits/risks of herbal preparations
|
- can be helpful for some disorders, but little oversight by FDA, can have adverse effects when taken with prescriptions
|
|
|
|
situations and pathophysiologies requiring nutritional supplementation
|
- periods of growth
- pregnancy and lactation - dieting - illness - malabsorption syndromes - diseases causing wasting like AIDS, cancer - surgery - trauma - burns |
|
|
|
Guidelines for IV administration of potassium chloride
|
- must always be diluted
- never be given IV push (bolus) The normal serum K level is 3.5 - 5 mEq/mL. Values above or below these #s can cause life-threatening abnormal rhythms of the heart. |
|
|
|
Effects of tonic solutions
|
IV solution can replace water and electrolytes and expand plasma volume. Chosen with regard to their tonicity --> the effect that fluids have on cellular volume
|
|
|
|
isotonic
|
used to expand plasma volume and maintain normal tonicity; very similar to blood
|
|
|
|
hypotonic
|
used to dilute serum electrolytes; prolonged use can over-hydrate cells and cause them to burst ---> used in dehydration or NPO patients
|
|
|
|
hypertonic
|
used to replace sodium and chloride used in edema --> pulls the water out of cells to equalize osmolarity; prolonged use can dehydrate cells
|
|
|
|
total parenteral nutrition
|
- for clients who cannot tolerate fluid and/or nutrients being passed thru the GI tract
- comprised of dextrose 10% - 70%; depends on the calorie need - amino acids and lipid emulsions are included - must be monitored for hyperglycemia - sudeen diiscontinuation can lead to hypoglycemia - IV catheter can be a source of infection ---> use septic technique |
|
|
|
enternal feedings
|
- only for a client whose GI system is functioning
- gastric, duodenal, or jejunal tubes - liquid or blended formulas, nutrionally complete |
Problems:
- malabsorption, aspiration, diarrhea - it is hyperosmolar; it can cause dehydration - water must be given several times a day thru the tube for all clients receiving enternal feedings -many formulas decrease absorption of PCN, tetracycline, erythromycin, phenytoins, and cephalosporins |
