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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Enzymes? |
Enzymes are catalyst that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction. |
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What are the seven properties of enzymes? |
Proteins, specific, reusable, denatured by high temperature (above 40°C), specific pH, enhanced by vitamins and minerals, destroyed by poisons. |
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Describe the property proteins of enzymes. |
They are proteins - globular proteins which are soluble. They dissolve in water. This is why fats are difficult to digest because fats are not water soluble. |
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How are enzymes specific? |
They are specific in their chemical reactions. An enzyme only works on a certain reaction and only that reaction. |
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How ate enzymes reusable? |
They are never used in a reaction they only push them forward faster. |
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How are enzymes denatured by high temperatures? |
This alters their shape destroying their active site. The best temperature for enzymes in the human body is 37°C. |
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How are enzymes specific in pH. |
Some only work in high pH and other in low. |
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What is the lock and key theory? |
Enzymes have an active site on its surface that the substrate fit into. Only one substrate will fit this active site. |
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What properties of enzymes does the lock and key theory explain? |
Specificity, destruction by heat, destruction by poisons. |
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How does the theory explain specificity? |
Only one type of substrate molecule will fit the active site. |
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How does the theory explain destruction by heat? |
Heat changes the shape of the active site preventing the substrate from fitting in it. |
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How does the theory explain destruction by poisons? |
The poison molecules fit into the active site, blocking it temporarily or permanently |
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How are enzymes usually name? |
By the substance they work on with the ending changed to ase |
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Carbohydrates |
Carbohydrases |
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Lipases |
Fats |
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Proteases |
Proteins |
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Sucrase |
Sucrose |
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Maltase |
Maltose |
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What are both sucrase and maltase? |
Carbohydrases |
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What is germination? |
The development of a seed into a seedling. |
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What enzymes does germination require? |
Proteases, lipases, amylases |
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What does enzymes do to aid in germination? |
Break down food substances stored in the see so that germination can occur. |
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What do Proteases do? |
Break down protein into amino acids. |
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What do lipases do? |
Break down fats to fatty acids and glycerol. |
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What do amylases do? |
Break down starches to glucose. |
