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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does ration formulation require knowledge of?
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Feedstuff
Feed intake Nutrient requirements Ingredient limitations |
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What do nutrient requirements vary with?
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Species
Size Function (e.g. maintenance, work, lactation etc.) |
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What are practical considerations when formulating a ration?
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Availability of feed
Continuity of feed Storage facilities Owner expertise Available equipment |
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What are factors to consider?
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Palatability
Digestibility Anti-nutrition factors Cost |
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What are 2 methods of formulating diets?
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Calculations
Complex computer-based |
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Which animals are fed complete and partial diets?
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Partial - ruminants and horses
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What are the steps of formulating a partial diet?
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Choose nutrients to make up energy requirements then protein requirements
Look at major minerals - supplement if necessary Look at trace vitamins/minerals - supplement if necessary |
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What are the steps of formulating a diet?
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1 - check weight/condition of animal
2 - use of animal 3 - calculate nutrient requirements 4 - formulate diet |
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How do you know you are meeting the energy requirements of an animal?
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Adequate fat cover
Maintain body condition score |
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What does evaluation of nutritional adequacy require knowledge of?
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Animal requirements
Animal performance Quantitative and qualitative intake |
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What are the problems with quantitative intake?
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Individuals vs. groups
Unknown forage intake Variable forage quality |
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How do you overcome these problems?
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Weight food given
Check verbal information given Check ad lib means ad lib Convert volumetric to gravimetric measurements Sample foods and send off for analysis - lab and visual analysis |
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DM, ME, and CP of hay and silage?
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Hay DM - 850
Silage - 200-350 Hay ME - 7-10 Silage - 8-12 Hay CP - 55-110 Silage - 100-200 |
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What should the pH, ammonia and lactic acid of silages be?
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pH - 3.8-4.2
Ammonia - less than 10, good; 10-15, moderate; more than 15, poor Lactic acid - 8-12, good; 7, average; less than 5, poor |
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What does good hay look like?
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Green
Sweet-smelling Leafy Clean |
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What does bad hay look like?
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Beige
Fusty-smelling Stemmy Dusty/mouldy |
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Good silage?
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Khaki
Sweet/vinegary smell Firm |
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Bad silage?
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Brown/black
Ammonia smell Very firm/wet/slimy |
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What are the 4 tasks of the vet of implementing a new diet to an animal?
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1 - find out animal's diet - what owner says, what owner gives, what animal gets, what animal needs
2 - calculate diet 3 - Show owner differences 4 - persuade owner to change diet |
