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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triglycerides |
1 glycerol--3 fatty acids Some are essential 95% of fat eaten Form of stored body fat |
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Phospholipids |
1 glycerol--2 fatty acids--1 phosphate Non essential Water soluble Cell membranes |
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Sterols |
Multiple carbon rings Non essential ie: Cholesterol Cell membranes and hormones |
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Cholesterol |
Made by the body Also found in animal foods (dietary cholesterol) |
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Saturated Fats |
No double bonds Straight chains Pack together tightly Solid at room temp <10% of calories |
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Unsaturated Fats |
Double bonds Kinked chains Doesn't stack together well Predominant type of fat in plants Should be emphasized over Sat. Fat |
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Trans Fats |
Trans: opposite side of the chain Occurs naturally and can be man made Intake should be as low as possible Hydrogenated is the key indicating ingredient |
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Essential Fatty Acids |
Cannot by synthesized in the body; must be obtained in the diet. Two: 1. Linoleic Acid 2. Alpha Linoleic Acid |
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Linoleic Acid (Omega 6) |
Found in vegetable and nut oils Abundant in American diet Poly unsaturated fatty acid Helps with blood pressure |
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Alpha Linoleic Acid (Omega 3) |
Converted to EPA and DHA Health benefits: lower CVD risk, lower stroke risk, decreases blood clotting and inflammation Found in dark green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, soybean, walnuts and fatty fish. Most Americans do not eat enough
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Fat Energy Function |
Fat used for energy storage Much of energy is used during low intensity activity |
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Fat Soluble Vitamins |
Vitamins A, D, E and K: fat is required for their transport in the body |
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Digestion: Mouth |
Lingual lipase (enzyme) Goal is to break fatty acids apart: in mouth, one fatty acid may be removed |
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Digestion: Stomach |
Gastric lipase Broken down into a diglyceride and FFA |
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Digestion: Liver |
Makes bile, which helps with fat digestion: by breaking up fat droplets, making them water soluble. |
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Digestion: Pancreas |
Makes lipase |
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Lipoprotein |
Transports fats around the body Chylomicron: transports dietary lipids, and remnants are dismantled in the liver. VLDL: transports fat made in the body |
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LDL |
Lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues BAD |
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HDL |
Lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from tissues that don't need it back to the liver to be recycled. GOOD |
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Cardiovascular Disease |
Disfunction of heart of blood vessels |
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Coronary Artery Disease |
The coronary arteries that are supplying the heart are blocked or constructed Chest pain Can result in heart attack |
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Atherosclerosis (Plaque) |
Artery walls build up lipid deposits and scar tissue, impairing blood flow. The stiffness that results is called hardening of the arteries Heart must work harder to pump blood Angioplasty/stints |
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Stroke |
Cerebral arteries supplying the brain are blocked Or an artery ruptures and leaks |
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Hypertension |
High blood pressure Increases risk for heart attack or stroke 29% of US adults affected |
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Peripheral Vascular Disease |
Blood vessels in other parts of the body have constricted or reduced blood flow. Damages tissue and organs |
