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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DRI
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Dietary Requirement Intake. Intake values for healthy people in the US
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RDA
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Recommended Dietary Intake. Average daily amount of nutrients known to meet the nutrition needs of most people
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EAR
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Estimated Average Requirement. the amount of nutrients that will maintain physiological functioning in 50% of people
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UL
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Upper Limit. Maximum daily limit of a nutrient that is safe
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DV
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Daily values. Reference created by the FDA
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Thiamin.
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Carbohydrate Metabolism
Deficiency: Beri-Beri. Peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, impaired capacity to work Risk: Alcoholics, poverty Toxicity: None |
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Riboflavin
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Co enzyme in energy metabolism
Deficiency: Stomatitis, Glossitis Whose at risk? alcoholics Toxicity: None |
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Niacin
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Co enzyme in energy metabolism
-Often used to lower LDL and raise HDL Deficiency: Pellagra. Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death Risk:Alcoholics Toxicity: Greater than 3 g per day "niacin flush" |
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V - B6
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: amino acid transformations
Deficiency: Sideroblastic anemia, neuronal dysfunction, lesions of skin Risk: alcoholics Toxicity: nerve destruction |
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FOlate (Folic Acid)
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN:transfer of methyl groups
Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia Risk:Alcoholics, anticonvulsant therapy Toxicity: None likely, FDA limits intake in supplements to avoid masking Vb12 deficiency |
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V B12
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN:myelin sheath
Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Nerve Damage, Pernicious anemia Risk:Alcoholics, Vegans (requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed) Toxicity: none |
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Why is intrinsic factor important?
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I.F. is a protein secreted by the parietal cells in the stomach. IF combines with VB 12 and this allows V b12 to be absorbed in the ileum
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Pantothenic Acid
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Fatty acid synthesis
Deficiency: Burning feet syndrome Risk:Rare alcoholics Toxicity: none |
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Biotin
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Cofactor for carboxylating enzymes
Deficiency: nausea, anorexia, muscular pain Risk: Raw egg whites contain a avidin, a protein which inhibits biotin absorption Toxicity: none |
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN:COllagen synthesis
Deficiency:Scurvy --> Abnormal bone development in infants, Risk: Alcoholics, Liver disease, fat malabsorption syndromes |
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Toxicity is present in which water soluble vitamins?
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Niacin: Niacin Flush
VB6: Nerve Degeneration VC: GI Disstress at doses greater than 1 g per day |
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V-A
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: night vision, anti-infection, anti-oxidant
Deficiency: Blurred vision, night blindness Risk:Alcoholics, LIver disease, Fat malabsorption syndroms Toxicity:GI upset, headache |
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V-D
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Strong bones , teeth, regulates blood Ca,
Deficiency: Children: Rickets Adults: osteomalacia Risk: elderly, those with liver disease, kidney disease( needed to activate vitamin D) Toxicity: Overabsorption of Ca (Ca deposits in soft tissue |
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V-E (tocopherols)
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: anti-oxidant
Deficiency: hemolytic anemia in new borns Risk:Rare, pre term infants Toxicity: Inhibits V-k metabolism, muscle weakness, fatigue |
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V-K
FCN? Deficiency symptoms? Whose at risk? Toxicity? |
FCN: Blood coagulation
Deficiency:Prolonged bleeding times Risk: Fat Malabsorption syndromes, babies who dont receive injection, people on antibiotics which wipes out the bacteria in the GI tract, synthesizing Vk Toxicity: Unlikely, excess can be excreted in the urine |
