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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absorption of fat soluble vitamins
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dependent on ileum and pancreas
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common effects of B vitamin deficiency
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dermatitis
glossitis diarrhea |
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function of vitamin A
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constituent of visual pigments (retinal)
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Vitamin A toxicity
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arthralgia
fatigue HA skin changes sore throat alopecia |
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vitamin A deficiency
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night blindness
dry skin |
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function of thiamine (B1)
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part of thiamine pyrophosphate (cofactor for ox decarboxylation of a-ketoacids and branched chain AA dehydrogenase)
cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt |
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beriberi types
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dry-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
wet-high output heart failure, edema |
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symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff
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Wernicke-nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion
Korsakoff-anterograde amnesia, confabulation |
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function of riboflavin
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cofactor in redox reactions (like FADH2)
derives FMN and FAD making 2 ATP |
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deficiency of riboflavin
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angular stomatitis
cheilosis corneal vascularization |
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function of niacin
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constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (redox reactions)
derived from tryptophan using B6 |
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deficiency of niacin
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pellagra (can be caused by Hartnup's disease, decreased tryptophan absorption; INH; carcinoid, increased tryptophan metabolism)
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, glossitis |
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function of pantothenate (B5)
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constituent of CoA and component of fatty acid synthase
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deficiency of B5
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dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
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function of B6 (pyridoxine)
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converted to pyridoxyl phosphate (transamination)
decarboxylation reactions glycogen phosphorylase heme synthesis synthesis of niacin from tryptophan |
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absorption of fat soluble vitamins
|
dependent on ileum and pancreas
|
|
|
common effects of B vitamin deficiency
|
dermatitis
glossitis diarrhea |
|
|
function of vitamin A
|
constituent of visual pigments (retinal)
|
|
|
Vitamin A toxicity
|
arthralgia
fatigue HA skin changes sore throat alopecia |
|
|
vitamin A deficiency
|
night blindness
dry skin |
|
|
function of thiamine (B1)
|
part of thiamine pyrophosphate (cofactor for ox decarboxylation of a-ketoacids and branched chain AA dehydrogenase)
cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt |
|
|
beriberi types
|
dry-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
wet-high output heart failure, edema |
|
|
symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff
|
Wernicke-nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion
Korsakoff-anterograde amnesia, confabulation |
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|
function of riboflavin
|
cofactor in redox reactions (like FADH2)
derives FMN and FAD making 2 ATP |
|
|
deficiency of riboflavin
|
angular stomatitis
cheilosis corneal vascularization |
|
|
function of niacin
|
constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (redox reactions)
derived from tryptophan using B6 |
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deficiency of niacin
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pellagra (can be caused by Hartnup's disease, decreased tryptophan absorption; INH; carcinoid, increased tryptophan metabolism)
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, glossitis |
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function of pantothenate (B5)
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constituent of CoA and component of fatty acid synthase
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deficiency of B5
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dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
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function of B6 (pyridoxine)
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converted to pyridoxyl phosphate (transamination)
decarboxylation reactions glycogen phosphorylase heme synthesis synthesis of niacin from tryptophan |
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deficiency of B6
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convulsions
hyperirritability (induced by INH and OCPs) peripheral neuropathy |
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function of B12
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cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
stored in liver (several year stores) synthesized by microorganisms only in animal products |
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test for B12 deficiency
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schilling test
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deficiency of B12
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macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
neuro symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, parasthesia) glossitis |
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mechanism of heart disease in B12 deficiency
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homocysteine and N-methyl THF can't be converted to methionine and THF
leads to homocysteinemia and thrombosis |
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myelin damage in B12 deficiency
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methylmalonyl CoA can't be converted to succinyl CoA
affects posterior columns, lateral tracts (spasticity) and dementia |
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function of folate
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coenzyme THF for 1 carbon transfer
involved in methylation reactions synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA |
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deficiency of folate
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most common deficiency in US
macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with NO neuro symptoms used to make choline, important for fetal brain green leafy vegetables |
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function of biotin
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cofactor for carboxylation
pyruvate to oxaloacetate acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA |
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deficiency of biotin
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dermatitis
enteritis caused by antibiotics and raw eggs (whites bind biotin) |
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function of Vitamin C
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necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysin in collagen synthesis
facilitates iron absorption by keeping Fe2+ reduced, which is more absorbable cofactor for dopamine B-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to Nepi |
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vitamin c deficiency
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scurvy
swollen gums bruising anemia poor wound healing |
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function of vitamin D
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increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate
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sources of vitamin D
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D2 is ergocalciferol (milk)
D3 is cholecalciferol (sun) 25-OH D3 is storage form 1,25-OH D3 is active form (calcitriol) |
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vitamin D deficiency
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rickets in kids
osteomalacia in adults hypocalcemic tetany |
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vitamin D excess
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hypercalcemia
loss of appetite stupor seen in sarcoidosis, where epithelioid macrophages convert vitamin D to its active form |
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function of vitamin E
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antioxidant, protects RBCs from hemolysis
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vitamin E deficiency
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increased fragility of erythrocytes, neurodysfunction
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function of Vitamin K
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catalyzes gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on clotting proteins
made by intestinal flora |
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deficiency of vitamin K
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neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and aPtt but normal bleeding time
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vitamin K dependant clotting factors
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2, 7, 9, 10, C, S
antagonized by warfarin |
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zinc deficiency
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delayed wound healing
hypogonadism decreased adult hair alcoholic cirrhosis in alcoholics |
