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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
absorption of fat soluble vitamins
|
dependent on ileum and pancreas
|
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common effects of B vitamin deficiency
|
dermatitis
glossitis diarrhea |
|
function of vitamin A
|
constituent of visual pigments (retinal)
|
|
Vitamin A toxicity
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arthralgia
fatigue HA skin changes sore throat alopecia |
|
vitamin A deficiency
|
night blindness
dry skin |
|
function of thiamine (B1)
|
part of thiamine pyrophosphate (cofactor for ox decarboxylation of a-ketoacids and branched chain AA dehydrogenase)
cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt |
|
beriberi types
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dry-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
wet-high output heart failure, edema |
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symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff
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Wernicke-nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion
Korsakoff-anterograde amnesia, confabulation |
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function of riboflavin
|
cofactor in redox reactions (like FADH2)
derives FMN and FAD making 2 ATP |
|
deficiency of riboflavin
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angular stomatitis
cheilosis corneal vascularization |
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function of niacin
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constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (redox reactions)
derived from tryptophan using B6 |
|
deficiency of niacin
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pellagra (can be caused by Hartnup's disease, decreased tryptophan absorption; INH; carcinoid, increased tryptophan metabolism)
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, glossitis |
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function of pantothenate (B5)
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constituent of CoA and component of fatty acid synthase
|
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deficiency of B5
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dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
|
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function of B6 (pyridoxine)
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converted to pyridoxyl phosphate (transamination)
decarboxylation reactions glycogen phosphorylase heme synthesis synthesis of niacin from tryptophan |
|
absorption of fat soluble vitamins
|
dependent on ileum and pancreas
|
|
common effects of B vitamin deficiency
|
dermatitis
glossitis diarrhea |
|
function of vitamin A
|
constituent of visual pigments (retinal)
|
|
Vitamin A toxicity
|
arthralgia
fatigue HA skin changes sore throat alopecia |
|
vitamin A deficiency
|
night blindness
dry skin |
|
function of thiamine (B1)
|
part of thiamine pyrophosphate (cofactor for ox decarboxylation of a-ketoacids and branched chain AA dehydrogenase)
cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt |
|
beriberi types
|
dry-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
wet-high output heart failure, edema |
|
symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff
|
Wernicke-nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion
Korsakoff-anterograde amnesia, confabulation |
|
function of riboflavin
|
cofactor in redox reactions (like FADH2)
derives FMN and FAD making 2 ATP |
|
deficiency of riboflavin
|
angular stomatitis
cheilosis corneal vascularization |
|
function of niacin
|
constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (redox reactions)
derived from tryptophan using B6 |
|
deficiency of niacin
|
pellagra (can be caused by Hartnup's disease, decreased tryptophan absorption; INH; carcinoid, increased tryptophan metabolism)
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, glossitis |
|
function of pantothenate (B5)
|
constituent of CoA and component of fatty acid synthase
|
|
deficiency of B5
|
dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
|
|
function of B6 (pyridoxine)
|
converted to pyridoxyl phosphate (transamination)
decarboxylation reactions glycogen phosphorylase heme synthesis synthesis of niacin from tryptophan |
|
deficiency of B6
|
convulsions
hyperirritability (induced by INH and OCPs) peripheral neuropathy |
|
function of B12
|
cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
stored in liver (several year stores) synthesized by microorganisms only in animal products |
|
test for B12 deficiency
|
schilling test
|
|
deficiency of B12
|
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
neuro symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, parasthesia) glossitis |
|
mechanism of heart disease in B12 deficiency
|
homocysteine and N-methyl THF can't be converted to methionine and THF
leads to homocysteinemia and thrombosis |
|
myelin damage in B12 deficiency
|
methylmalonyl CoA can't be converted to succinyl CoA
affects posterior columns, lateral tracts (spasticity) and dementia |
|
function of folate
|
coenzyme THF for 1 carbon transfer
involved in methylation reactions synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA |
|
deficiency of folate
|
most common deficiency in US
macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with NO neuro symptoms used to make choline, important for fetal brain green leafy vegetables |
|
function of biotin
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cofactor for carboxylation
pyruvate to oxaloacetate acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA |
|
deficiency of biotin
|
dermatitis
enteritis caused by antibiotics and raw eggs (whites bind biotin) |
|
function of Vitamin C
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necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysin in collagen synthesis
facilitates iron absorption by keeping Fe2+ reduced, which is more absorbable cofactor for dopamine B-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to Nepi |
|
vitamin c deficiency
|
scurvy
swollen gums bruising anemia poor wound healing |
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function of vitamin D
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increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate
|
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sources of vitamin D
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D2 is ergocalciferol (milk)
D3 is cholecalciferol (sun) 25-OH D3 is storage form 1,25-OH D3 is active form (calcitriol) |
|
vitamin D deficiency
|
rickets in kids
osteomalacia in adults hypocalcemic tetany |
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vitamin D excess
|
hypercalcemia
loss of appetite stupor seen in sarcoidosis, where epithelioid macrophages convert vitamin D to its active form |
|
function of vitamin E
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antioxidant, protects RBCs from hemolysis
|
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vitamin E deficiency
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increased fragility of erythrocytes, neurodysfunction
|
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function of Vitamin K
|
catalyzes gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on clotting proteins
made by intestinal flora |
|
deficiency of vitamin K
|
neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and aPtt but normal bleeding time
|
|
vitamin K dependant clotting factors
|
2, 7, 9, 10, C, S
antagonized by warfarin |
|
zinc deficiency
|
delayed wound healing
hypogonadism decreased adult hair alcoholic cirrhosis in alcoholics |