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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sugar
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simple carbs=> sweet, mono- or di- saccharrides, are H2O soluble and produced naturally by plants/animals.
ex. glucose (most abundant), fructose, galactose. |
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Starches
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complex carbs=> nonsweet, polysaccharide: chains of glucose found naturally in plants.
ex. grains, beans. Pasta, bread ex. are processed from starch. |
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Fiber
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complex carb found on outer layer of grain,brain and skins, pulp, and seeds of vegetables and fruits. function as bulk to diet. undigestable to humans. Satisfy appetite and help bulk waste.
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Glycogen
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large molecule that stores glucose in links.
stored primarily in liver and skeletal muscle tissue. glucose unable to store as glycogen converts to fat. |
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Complete proteins
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proteins containing all essential amino acids along with many non essential amino acids.
ex. of essential: tyrptophan, leucine, histadine sources are ex. meat, poultry, fish, dairy |
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incomplete proteins
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proteins lacking one or more essential proteins and usually from plants.
vegetarian solution ex. = beans + corn for complete protein. |
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lipids
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organic substance, insoluble in H2O, soluble in alcohol or ether, greasy. more H than carbs.
ex. fats = lipid solid at room temp oils = lipid liquid at room temp |
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fatty acids
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basic structural unit of most lipids, are carbon chains w/ H attachments.
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cholesterol
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fatlike substance produced in human body and found with foods of animal origin. cholesterol found in cell membranes.
body cholesterol made in liver ex. egg yolk, milk, meat |
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fat soluble vitamins
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Vit ADEK, able to store in body. therefore daily supply of fat soluble is not absolutely needed. Vitamins highest in foods when fresh and eaten after harvesting.
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minerals
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found in organic and inorganic compounds as free ions. Ca2+ and P make up 80% of all minerals in body. macrominerals = people require over 100mg ex. Na, P, M, Cl, K
microminerals = less than 100 mg. ex. Fe, Zn, I, Cu |
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basal metabolic rate
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(BMR), rate at which body metabolizes food to maintain energy requirements of an awake person at rest. food maintains the BMR.
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resting energy expenditure
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(REE), amount of energy to basic body functions, therefore keep someone alive/maintain life.
1 cal/kg/hr. for men .9/kg/hr. for women. |
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ideal body weight
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(IBW), is the optimal weight recommended for optimal health.
use rule of 5 for females, rule of 6 for males. |
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body mass index
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(BMI) for 18+, indicator of changes in body fat stores and is height and weight ratio. inaccurate for athletes, fluid retention, older adults.
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing due to ex. inflamed throat, or esophagus stricture.
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anemia
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decrease in rbc, hemogoblin, or both.
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anorexia nervosa
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prolonged inability or refusal to eat, rapid weight loss, emaciation in people who continue to believe they are fat. may use diuretics, induce emesis to stain thin.
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bulimia
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uncontrollable compulsion to binge (eat alot of food at one time) and purge (induce emesis or laxatives).
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overweight
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BMI is 25-29.9 kg/m2
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obese
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BMI is n>30 kg/m2
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enteral nutrition
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(EN), aka total enteral nutrition (TEN) is for pt who can't ingest food or upper GI tract is impaired and the transport of food to small intestine is interrupted. ex. NG tube, gastrostomy tube, jejunostomy tube
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nasogastric tube
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tube inserted through a nostril => nasopharynx => GI tract. used for pt that have good gastric empty and require short term feedings. not for pt with no gag or cough reflex incase tube goes to airways.
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gastrostomy tube
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long term feedings , generally more than 6 - 8 weeks. tube placed surgically or laparoscopy through abd wall and into stomach.
laparoscopy: incision and then use light tube to see organs |
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jejunostomy tube
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long term feedings , generally more than 6 - 8 weeks. tube placed surgically or laparoscopy through abd wall and into jejunum of small intestine.
laparoscopy: incision and then use light tube to see organs |
