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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What kind of source is pollutant added directly to water (i.e. people DUMP it into lake, rivers, etc.)
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Point Source
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This pollutant is from rain and run-off from fields
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Diffuse Source
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This pollutant is from corrosion of BURIED metal drums (barrells)
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Indirect Source
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This pollutant is from ACID RAIN from burning high sulfur coal
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Atmospheric Sources
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Who regulates levels of agricultural chemical contaminants in food?
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EPA
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True/False - There are virtually NO reports of food poisoning incidents attributed to the proper use of agricultural chemicals
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TRUE
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The intentional use of adding chemicals to food
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Additives
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Poison Squad Man and Department of Agriculture
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Harvey Wiley
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Early legislation for food additives was aimed at preventing ______
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fraud
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______ ______ wrote the Jungle, a book about food additives
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Upton Sinclair
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This act provided for federal inspection of animal slaughter and meat processing and is Still the law of the land!
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Meat Inspection Act 1906
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These 2 acts were passed in 1906
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Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act
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This act drug manufacturers were required to prove safety before putting them on the market and cosmetics were regulated for the FIRST time
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Pure Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
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A problem with the Pure Food and Drug Act was that congress did not appropriate ________ _____ for enforcement
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Sufficient funds
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Another problem with the Pure food and Drug Act was that government had to prove _____ to harm or deceive
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intent
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This said if a carcinogen is used (cancerous), you cannot use it
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Delaney Clause
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The exception to the 100 fold margin of safety was the ________ ______
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Delaney Clause
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GRAS stands for -
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Generally Recognized as Safe
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The addition of minerals of vitamins that weren't originally present or at levels greater than the original (i.e. Salt/Iodine, Orange Juice/Calcium, Skim Milk/Vitamin A)
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Fortified
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Adding BACK nutrients lost during processing (i.e. Bread/B Vitamins)
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Enriched
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___________ control rancidity and browning in fruits and vegetables
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Antioxidants
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Leaving Agents - ______ ____ and ______ ______
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baking soda and baking powder
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True/False - food colors contribute to hyperactivity in children
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True
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Chinese Restaurant Syndrome = _____ ____________
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MSG Syndrome
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Causes birth defects in rats and is very addictive and increases blood pressure and heart rate
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caffeine
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Nutrasweet is composed of ___ _____ _____
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2 amino acids
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___________ is a metabolic disorder where there is an inability to break down phenylalanine
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Phenylketonuria - PKU
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True/False - As of 2000, you still need to label saccharine
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FALSE
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Types of gasses used during World War 1
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Phosgene Gas
Mustard Gas |
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Sarin gas was used in __________ ___
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concentration camps
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The Variola virus is also known as ____ ____
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small pox
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Symptoms of Variola Virus (Small Pox)
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Pustules on face and internal organs
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C. Botulinium produces what kind of toxin which would kill the world
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Neurotoxin
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What animal is used to make antibodies toward c. botulinium neurotoxin?
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Horses
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What virus is associated with the movie OUTBREAK?
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Ebola Virus
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Ebola Virus causes ______ ______
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eternal hemmorraging
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Anthrax is a spore former known as ______ _____
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Bacillus Antracis
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_______ _________ killed 75% of European population
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Yersina Pestis
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Yersina Pestis is also known as the _____ _____
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Black Plague
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The Black Plague is believed to have started in Europe because of ___
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fleas
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The _____ ______ of 1925 is a "toothless" piece of international legislature
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Geneva Protocol
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This was once used to make pet food appear as it had increased protein levels
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Melamine
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Weapons of mass ______ rather than destruction
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disruption
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Targeting animals/crops with disease causing agents with purpose of disrupting economy
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Agroterrorism
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First food that was tampered proof
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Baby Food
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True/False - According to the Geneva Protocol, nations had a right to use gases if used against them
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TRUE
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True/False - The Geneva Protocol prohibited stockpiling
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FALSE
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True/False - The Geneva Protocol did NOT prohibit research and development of biochemicals and such
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True
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The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of fruit a day
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2
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The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of veggies a day
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2.5
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The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ oz. of whole grains a day
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3
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The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of low-fat milk a day
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3
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The MyPyramid is a visual representation of the ___ and the ____ _______
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DRI & Dietary Guidelines
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5 concepts the MyPyramid is based on
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Daily Activity
Moderation Proportions Variety Gradual Improvement Personalization of diet |
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4 functions of protein in the body
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Body Tissue
Fluid Balance Transport Immune System |
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President who stopped biological warfare
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Nixon
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it is a b-vitamin and recognized for preventing birth defects by assisting DNA replication
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Folate
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found in fats, nuts and oils
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin B, C and found in fluids throughout body
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Water Soluable
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it synthesizes molecules
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choline
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disease that results in lack of vitamin D
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osteomolacia
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powerful antioxidants in form of vitamin A
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carotenoids
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Vitamin C known for fighting this
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immune system
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Vitamins A, D, E, K
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fat soluable
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form of vitamin A thats important to vision
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retenoids
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Minerals and ______ are used by every cell in body
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vitamins
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vitamin D helps regulate _____ throughout body
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calcium
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term for Vitamin D deficiency in children
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rickets
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Vitamin ___ found in green leafy veggies
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K
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____ _____ can be caused by obestity
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heart disease
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___ minutes of moderate excerise most days of the week to manage body weight
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60
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undesirable cholesterol
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LDL
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condition caused by high blood pressure
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hypertension
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beneficial cholesterol
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HDL
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_____ is a condition from abnormal blood glucose levels
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diabetes
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type of vascular disease caused by a build up of fats and cholesterol in blood vessels
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atherosclerosis
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high blood pressure is often referred to as this
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the silent killler
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BMI is ____ divided by ____
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weight/height
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Food that contains 20% less of a nutrient
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reduced
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_____________ ____ are listed on the food label
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nutritional facts
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____ contains live and active cultures
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yogurt
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at least 95% of products produced with out....
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organic
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food that contains less than 10 grams of fat per serving
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lean
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foods that contain NO added colors, synthtic flavors or other substances
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natural
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Includes complex, mono and disaccharides, added sugar and fiber
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total carbohydradtes
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food that contains 1/3 fewer calories or 1/2 the fat of the regular product
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light
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includes both soluble and insoluble
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total fiber
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consuming these helps to restore, replace and imporve the balance of healthy bacteria in the intestinal tract
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probiotics
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if a food contains 10-19% of the Daily Value, then it's considered ____
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good
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_______ fats are naturally occurring
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saturated
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when vitamin and minerals are added to food they become this
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fortified
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any health claims must be made to the ___
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FDA
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harvested from the berry of the Piper nigrum vine
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black pepper
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this fruit contains over 100 phytochemicals
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orange
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health promoting chemicals from plants
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phytochemicals
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_________ help repair the DNA damaged done by toxins
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phytochemicals
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Echinacea and St. John's Wort are phytochemicals that help boost your _______ ______
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immune response
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phytochemicals detoxify these
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carcinogens
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These are stronger in phytochemical foods than those found in vitamins
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antioxidants
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it regulates the fluid outside cells
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sodium
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essential organic substances that are needed in small amounts
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minerals
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it helps maintain neutral pH to optimize body functions
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phosphorus
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Involved in vitamin D metabolism and affects calcium and magnesium levels in the body
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Boron
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it prevents the replication of the virus organism and can shorten illness and reduce symptoms
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zinc
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collagen sythensis and bone mineralization
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silicon
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used in the form of hemoglobin and myoglobin
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iron
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______ acts as a constituent of some enzymes and an activator of others
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manganese
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The organic form of this mineral that is found in foods is not toxic
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arsenic
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it reduces the acid produced by bacteria in the mouth
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fluoride
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it's used to metabolize iron and lipids among other thigns
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copper
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a mineral that acts as an electrolyte
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chloride
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it assists insulin in metabolizing sugars and starches
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chromium
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a deficieny of this minearl can cause a goiter
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iodine
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a major mineral that contributes to nerve transmission, muscle contractions, and blood clotting
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calcium
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it is NON digestable and does NOT contribute to calories in diet
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fiber
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MAJOR source of energy for body
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carbs
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a condition in part to a constant high sugar intake
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hyper insulinermia
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This type of carb includes mono and disaccharides
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simple
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for carbs, it is 45-65% of total calories
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RDI
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a condition where fats are unable to be metabolized efficiently
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ketosis
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fiber helps reduce the risk of this type of cancer
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colon
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this type of carb includes starches and polysaccharides
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complex
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a sugar alcohol that isn't absorbed
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mannitol
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abnormal levels of this increase the risk of becoming obese, and developing diabetes and high blood pressure
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insulin
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recommended for this beverage are one a day for women and two for men
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alcohol
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foods rich in this include fruits and vegetables
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potassium
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eat 6 oz. of this everyday
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grains
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eat 2.5 cups of this everyday
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veggies
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emphazise fibrous foods with LITTTLE added sugars
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carbs
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eat 5.5 oz of this everyday
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protein
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eat 2 cups of this everyday
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fruit
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drink 3 cups of this everday
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millk
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should be 20-35% of total calories
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fats
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thermal process where a can is sealed under pressuer
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physical
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another term for freeze drying
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lyophilization
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an organism used to produce beer, bread and wine
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yeast
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microorganism that produces acids
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homo fermentation
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another term for cannign
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thermal processing
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microorganisms that produce gas
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hetero fermentive
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process from going to a solid to a gas, skipping the liquid state
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sublimation
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process of bringing the food product to boil and then canning
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hotfill
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a fungi used to make soy sauce
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aspergillus
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a bacteria used to convert milk to yogurt
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lactic acid
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removes h2o by MECHANICAL means
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dehydration
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used to dry fluid products
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drum dryer
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used to dry liquid products
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spray dryer
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used to dry high quality foods
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freeze drying (lyophilization)
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fermentation is the _____ growth
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controlled
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