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148 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What kind of source is pollutant added directly to water (i.e. people DUMP it into lake, rivers, etc.)
Point Source
This pollutant is from rain and run-off from fields
Diffuse Source
This pollutant is from corrosion of BURIED metal drums (barrells)
Indirect Source
This pollutant is from ACID RAIN from burning high sulfur coal
Atmospheric Sources
Who regulates levels of agricultural chemical contaminants in food?
EPA
True/False - There are virtually NO reports of food poisoning incidents attributed to the proper use of agricultural chemicals
TRUE
The intentional use of adding chemicals to food
Additives
Poison Squad Man and Department of Agriculture
Harvey Wiley
Early legislation for food additives was aimed at preventing ______
fraud
______ ______ wrote the Jungle, a book about food additives
Upton Sinclair
This act provided for federal inspection of animal slaughter and meat processing and is Still the law of the land!
Meat Inspection Act 1906
These 2 acts were passed in 1906
Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act
This act drug manufacturers were required to prove safety before putting them on the market and cosmetics were regulated for the FIRST time
Pure Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
A problem with the Pure Food and Drug Act was that congress did not appropriate ________ _____ for enforcement
Sufficient funds
Another problem with the Pure food and Drug Act was that government had to prove _____ to harm or deceive
intent
This said if a carcinogen is used (cancerous), you cannot use it
Delaney Clause
The exception to the 100 fold margin of safety was the ________ ______
Delaney Clause
GRAS stands for -
Generally Recognized as Safe
The addition of minerals of vitamins that weren't originally present or at levels greater than the original (i.e. Salt/Iodine, Orange Juice/Calcium, Skim Milk/Vitamin A)
Fortified
Adding BACK nutrients lost during processing (i.e. Bread/B Vitamins)
Enriched
___________ control rancidity and browning in fruits and vegetables
Antioxidants
Leaving Agents - ______ ____ and ______ ______
baking soda and baking powder
True/False - food colors contribute to hyperactivity in children
True
Chinese Restaurant Syndrome = _____ ____________
MSG Syndrome
Causes birth defects in rats and is very addictive and increases blood pressure and heart rate
caffeine
Nutrasweet is composed of ___ _____ _____
2 amino acids
___________ is a metabolic disorder where there is an inability to break down phenylalanine
Phenylketonuria - PKU
True/False - As of 2000, you still need to label saccharine
FALSE
Types of gasses used during World War 1
Phosgene Gas

Mustard Gas
Sarin gas was used in __________ ___
concentration camps
The Variola virus is also known as ____ ____
small pox
Symptoms of Variola Virus (Small Pox)
Pustules on face and internal organs
C. Botulinium produces what kind of toxin which would kill the world
Neurotoxin
What animal is used to make antibodies toward c. botulinium neurotoxin?
Horses
What virus is associated with the movie OUTBREAK?
Ebola Virus
Ebola Virus causes ______ ______
eternal hemmorraging
Anthrax is a spore former known as ______ _____
Bacillus Antracis
_______ _________ killed 75% of European population
Yersina Pestis
Yersina Pestis is also known as the _____ _____
Black Plague
The Black Plague is believed to have started in Europe because of ___
fleas
The _____ ______ of 1925 is a "toothless" piece of international legislature
Geneva Protocol
This was once used to make pet food appear as it had increased protein levels
Melamine
Weapons of mass ______ rather than destruction
disruption
Targeting animals/crops with disease causing agents with purpose of disrupting economy
Agroterrorism
First food that was tampered proof
Baby Food
True/False - According to the Geneva Protocol, nations had a right to use gases if used against them
TRUE
True/False - The Geneva Protocol prohibited stockpiling
FALSE
True/False - The Geneva Protocol did NOT prohibit research and development of biochemicals and such
True
The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of fruit a day
2
The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of veggies a day
2.5
The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ oz. of whole grains a day
3
The 2005 D.G. recommend ___ cups of low-fat milk a day
3
The MyPyramid is a visual representation of the ___ and the ____ _______
DRI & Dietary Guidelines
5 concepts the MyPyramid is based on
Daily Activity
Moderation
Proportions
Variety
Gradual Improvement
Personalization of diet
4 functions of protein in the body
Body Tissue
Fluid Balance
Transport
Immune System
President who stopped biological warfare
Nixon
it is a b-vitamin and recognized for preventing birth defects by assisting DNA replication
Folate
found in fats, nuts and oils
Vitamin E
Vitamin B, C and found in fluids throughout body
Water Soluable
it synthesizes molecules
choline
disease that results in lack of vitamin D
osteomolacia
powerful antioxidants in form of vitamin A
carotenoids
Vitamin C known for fighting this
immune system
Vitamins A, D, E, K
fat soluable
form of vitamin A thats important to vision
retenoids
Minerals and ______ are used by every cell in body
vitamins
vitamin D helps regulate _____ throughout body
calcium
term for Vitamin D deficiency in children
rickets
Vitamin ___ found in green leafy veggies
K
____ _____ can be caused by obestity
heart disease
___ minutes of moderate excerise most days of the week to manage body weight
60
undesirable cholesterol
LDL
condition caused by high blood pressure
hypertension
beneficial cholesterol
HDL
_____ is a condition from abnormal blood glucose levels
diabetes
type of vascular disease caused by a build up of fats and cholesterol in blood vessels
atherosclerosis
high blood pressure is often referred to as this
the silent killler
BMI is ____ divided by ____
weight/height
Food that contains 20% less of a nutrient
reduced
_____________ ____ are listed on the food label
nutritional facts
____ contains live and active cultures
yogurt
at least 95% of products produced with out....
organic
food that contains less than 10 grams of fat per serving
lean
foods that contain NO added colors, synthtic flavors or other substances
natural
Includes complex, mono and disaccharides, added sugar and fiber
total carbohydradtes
food that contains 1/3 fewer calories or 1/2 the fat of the regular product
light
includes both soluble and insoluble
total fiber
consuming these helps to restore, replace and imporve the balance of healthy bacteria in the intestinal tract
probiotics
if a food contains 10-19% of the Daily Value, then it's considered ____
good
_______ fats are naturally occurring
saturated
when vitamin and minerals are added to food they become this
fortified
any health claims must be made to the ___
FDA
harvested from the berry of the Piper nigrum vine
black pepper
this fruit contains over 100 phytochemicals
orange
health promoting chemicals from plants
phytochemicals
_________ help repair the DNA damaged done by toxins
phytochemicals
Echinacea and St. John's Wort are phytochemicals that help boost your _______ ______
immune response
phytochemicals detoxify these
carcinogens
These are stronger in phytochemical foods than those found in vitamins
antioxidants
it regulates the fluid outside cells
sodium
essential organic substances that are needed in small amounts
minerals
it helps maintain neutral pH to optimize body functions
phosphorus
Involved in vitamin D metabolism and affects calcium and magnesium levels in the body
Boron
it prevents the replication of the virus organism and can shorten illness and reduce symptoms
zinc
collagen sythensis and bone mineralization
silicon
used in the form of hemoglobin and myoglobin
iron
______ acts as a constituent of some enzymes and an activator of others
manganese
The organic form of this mineral that is found in foods is not toxic
arsenic
it reduces the acid produced by bacteria in the mouth
fluoride
it's used to metabolize iron and lipids among other thigns
copper
a mineral that acts as an electrolyte
chloride
it assists insulin in metabolizing sugars and starches
chromium
a deficieny of this minearl can cause a goiter
iodine
a major mineral that contributes to nerve transmission, muscle contractions, and blood clotting
calcium
it is NON digestable and does NOT contribute to calories in diet
fiber
MAJOR source of energy for body
carbs
a condition in part to a constant high sugar intake
hyper insulinermia
This type of carb includes mono and disaccharides
simple
for carbs, it is 45-65% of total calories
RDI
a condition where fats are unable to be metabolized efficiently
ketosis
fiber helps reduce the risk of this type of cancer
colon
this type of carb includes starches and polysaccharides
complex
a sugar alcohol that isn't absorbed
mannitol
abnormal levels of this increase the risk of becoming obese, and developing diabetes and high blood pressure
insulin
recommended for this beverage are one a day for women and two for men
alcohol
foods rich in this include fruits and vegetables
potassium
eat 6 oz. of this everyday
grains
eat 2.5 cups of this everyday
veggies
emphazise fibrous foods with LITTTLE added sugars
carbs
eat 5.5 oz of this everyday
protein
eat 2 cups of this everyday
fruit
drink 3 cups of this everday
millk
should be 20-35% of total calories
fats
thermal process where a can is sealed under pressuer
physical
another term for freeze drying
lyophilization
an organism used to produce beer, bread and wine
yeast
microorganism that produces acids
homo fermentation
another term for cannign
thermal processing
microorganisms that produce gas
hetero fermentive
process from going to a solid to a gas, skipping the liquid state
sublimation
process of bringing the food product to boil and then canning
hotfill
a fungi used to make soy sauce
aspergillus
a bacteria used to convert milk to yogurt
lactic acid
removes h2o by MECHANICAL means
dehydration
used to dry fluid products
drum dryer
used to dry liquid products
spray dryer
used to dry high quality foods
freeze drying (lyophilization)
fermentation is the _____ growth
controlled