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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?
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Phosphorus
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Where does absorption of phosphorus occur?
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in the duodenum and jejunum
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What form of phosphorus are people getting when they consume large amounts of animal product?
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Phosphates
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What factors influence the bioavailability of phosphorus?
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the form and the pH
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Are most phosphates absorbed in their organic or inorganic form?
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inorganic
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Where is the major store of phosphorus in the body?
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bone
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What controls phosphorus concentration?
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parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D anc calcitronin
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T/F PTH influences phosphorus in similar ways to how it affects calcium
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true
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What is the effect of calcitonin on phosphorus?
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promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus into the bone (opposite effect of PTH)
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what factors inhibit phosphorus absorption?
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calcium
magnesium iron aluminium |
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what are some factors enhancing phosphorus absorption?
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1,25-dihydroxylvitamin D
acidity |
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Where is phosphorus distributed and stored in the body?
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80-85% found in the bones and teeth, 15-20% found in the soft tissue including muscle, brain, and blood as phosphate ions
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How is phosphorus excreted?
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the kidneys are the primary route of excretion
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What are the primary functions of phosphorus?
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hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate salt)
phospholipids nucleic acid ATP acid-bas buffer |
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What is the clinical deficiency of phosphorus?
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Hypophosphataemia
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What are common causes of hypophosphataemia?
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hospitalisation
malabsorption alcoholism respiratory alkalosis |
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What are some possible effects of hypophosphataemia?
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rhabdomyolysis
haemolysis respiratory failure impaired myocardial performance |
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What are some nutritional sources of phosphorus
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chicken, fish, eggs, milk products (60%)
legumes and grains (20%) |
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which form of copper is most often found in biological systems?
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Cu2
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What are the two forms of copper that are readily absorbed?
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Copper Sulphate
Copper Nitrate |
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What are some factors that inhibit the absorption of copper?
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fibre
phytates amino acids vit C Zinc Iron |
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What are some factors that enhance the absorption of copper?
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low dietary intake
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How is copper transported in the body?
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after intestinal absorption, it is transported to hepatocytes where it is incorporates into copper-containing enzymes
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Where is copper stored in the body?
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In a protein called metallothionein, in the liver
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Where is copper found in the body?
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bones, kidneys, heart, muscles, liver, brain, and blood
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How is copper excreted?
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via the bile
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What are the main functions of copper?
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critical functional component of essential enzymes known as cuproenzymes, thus:
energy production connective tissue formation iron metabolism CNS functions Melanin formation |
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What is SOD?
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Superoxide dismutase (breaks down superoxide free radical)
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What is the function of Dopamine hydroxylase
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converts dopamine to noradrenaline
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What is the function of Tyrosine?
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for melanin formation
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What are the richest food sources of copper?
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organ meats
shellfish nuts seeds |
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List the copper binding proteins
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Metallothionein
Albumin Blood clotting factor IV |
