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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nursing Care for Misc Nutrition Sx
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-Anorexia:
*check preferences *Small frequent feedings *Evaluate med. interactions *Limit fried foods -Nausea & Vomiting: *Withhold food & liquids *Reintroduce liquids slowly *Start w/sips of cl liquids & ice chips -Constipation: *Increase fluid intake *Increase fruits & fiber -Diarrhea: *Fluids *Bland foods *Avoid fiber, spices, & fat *Avoid alcohol, caffeine, & cold fluids -Flatulence: *Avoid gas forming foods *Limit carbonated beverages *No straws *No gum |
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Age Related Nutrient Variables of Infancy (0-1yr)
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-Rapid Growth:
*Weight doubles by 6 months *Weight triples by 1 year |
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Geriatric Client Needs
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-Require fewer calories r/t decrease
metabolic rate -Still require same nutrients as younger people -Need increase fiber r/t dec perstalsis -Impaired sense of taste and smell -Frequent deficiencies in C, D, Calcium, and iron |
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Domains of learning
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-Cognitive: intellectual skills
-Affective: feelings and emotions -Pyschomotor: motor skills |
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TPR
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Time
Patience Repetition |
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Normal Lab Values
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-Hematoglobin: m(13.5-17.5 g/dl)
f(11.5-15.5 g/dl) -Hematocrit: m(44-52%) f(39-47%) -Albumin: (3.5-5.5 g/dl) -Electrolytes: *Sodium: 136-145 *Potassium: 3.5-5.2 *Chloride: 96-106 -Glucose: 70-110 mg/dl -Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dl *HDL: 35-85 mg/dl *LDL: <130 mg/dl -BUN: 8-28 mg/dl -Calcium: 8.5-10.5 mg.dl -Creatine: 0.6-1.2 mg/dl -Uric Acid: 2.5-8 mg/dl -Magnesium: 1.8-3.0 mg/dl -Phosphorus: 2.3-4.7 mg/dl |
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Nutrition Pyramid
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Fat & Oils: sparingly
Dairy: 2-3 servings Protein: 2-3 servings Vegetables: 3-5 servings Fruits: 2-4 servings Breads, Grains, Cereals: 6-11 servings |
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Carbohydrates
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-4ckal/g
-Major source of energy -Required for brain function -Stored as glycogen or converted to fat -Types: mono, poly, disaccharides |
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Proteins (CHON)
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-4ckal/g
-Source of amino acids for growth, maintenance & repair of muscle, bone, skin and other tissue -Help maintain homeostasis -Need for formation of enzymes |
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Sources of Protein
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-Animal Sources:
*Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy -Plant Sources: *Legumes, grains, nuts, vegetables |
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Amino Acids
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-Nonessential: body able to make on own
-Essential: must be supplied in diet |
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Types of Protein
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-Complete proteins: contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts for human use (animal)
-Incomplete: contains some but not all essential amino acids (plants) |
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Fats Overview
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-9ckal/g
-Source of energy -Insulates & protects vital organs -Present in cell membrane & NS -Lubricates skin, makes hair shiny |
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Lipids
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-Contain triglycerides, phospholipids,
& sterols |
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Triglycerides
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-Fats and oils
-Fats are solid at room temp -Oils are liquid at room temp |
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Phospholipids
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-Soluble in fat & H2O
-Used as an emulsifier (margarine, candy bars) |
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Sterols
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-Perform vital metabolic functions
-Cholesterol most familiar -Others are Vitamin D & sex hormones -Too much leads to atherosclerosis |
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Fatty Acids
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-Saturation:
*Saturated: contains all the hydrogen it is capable of holding (most are animal origin), more solid in nature *Unsaturated: not completely filled with hydrogen, more liquid in nature (most are plant origin) -Essential: *Absence will create a deficiency disease *Body cannot manufacture (need in diet) -Linoleic acid: Omega 6 *source: vegetables, seeds, & grains -Linolenic: Omega 3 *source: meat & fish |
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Roles of Fatty Acids
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-Involved in brain development
-Strengthens cell membranes -Rods & Cones in the eye -Regulates body functions -Possible role in prevention of heart disease, arthritis, & cancer |
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US Dietary Guidlines
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-Carbohydrates: 55-60%
*major should be complex -Fats: not >30% *Saturated: <10% *Unsaturated: 10-20% -Proteins: 9-13% -Caloric need determined by body size and energy output |
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Vitamins & Minerals
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-Vital organ dietary substances
-Needed in very small amounts -Perform specific metabolic function -Most can't be manufactured by the body -Do not yield energy but assist in releasing it form CHO, CHON, & fat |
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Rule of 5 & 6
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Ideal body weight calculated:
*Female: 100 + 5 for each in > 5" *Male: 106 + 6 for each in > 5" |