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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 6 nutrients needed for health?
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1-carbohydrates
2-proteins 3-fats 4-vitamins 5-minerals 6-Water |
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how many calories/gram do carbs and proteins have?
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carbs and proteins have 4 calories/gram
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how many calories/gram do fats have?
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fats have 9 calories per gram
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how many calories/gram does alcohol have?
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alcohol has 7 calories/gram
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why is alcohol not considered a nutrient?
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it is not essential to the body but may be beneficial in small amounts
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how many essential vitamins are there?
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there are 13 essential vitamins
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how many essential minerals are there?
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there are 15 essential minerals
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What are macronutrients?
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consumed in large amounts;
carbs, proteins, fats |
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What are micronutrients?
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vital to health, consumed in smaller amounts, no calories
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what are phytochemicals?
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plant chemicals
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what properties in plants are affected by phytochemicals?
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color, taste, scent
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where can phytochemicals be found?
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fruits, vegetables, whole wheat and whole grain products
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are phytochemicals unique to different plants?
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yes
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what benefits do phytochemicals have to people?
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they fight disease
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how many nutrients are needed for health?
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there are 6 nutrients needed for health
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What is required on a food label?
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-Total Calories/Calorie Count
-Calories from fat -Total Fat -Saturated Fat -Trans Fat -Cholesterol -Vitamins A,C -Sodium -Sugars -Total Carbohydrates -Dietary Fibers -Protein -Minerals :Calcium , Iron |
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what does enriched mean?
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replacement of B-vitamins and/or iron lost during processing
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what does fortified mean?
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addition of one or more vitamins and/or minerals to a food product
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what does RDA mean?
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Recommended Dietary Allowance
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what does RDI mean?
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Recommended Dietary Intake
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what does DRI mean?
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Dietary Reference Intake
(most recent) |
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what does the oral cavity(mouth) do?
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salivates to help digest food
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what is the esophagus?
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-tube from mouth to stomach
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what is peristalsis?
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contractions in esophagus that push food down to stomach
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what is GERD?
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Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease
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what is reflux?
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food in stomach backs up because of valve malfunctions
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what valve lets food into the stomach?
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lower esophageal sphincter (L.E.S)
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what can cause valve malfunctions?
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cigarette smoke, caffeine, some foods/medications, being pregnant, overweight
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how can reflux be reduced?
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have smaller portions per meal
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What occurs in stomach?
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the stomach churns food with acid, breaking it up for absorption
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What is absorbed in the stomach?
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little absorption occurs
-20% of alcohol consumed is absorbed here |
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what valve lets food out of the stomach?
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the pyloric sphincter
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how much food enters the small intestine at a time?
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1-2 spoonfuls
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what are the measurements of the small intestine?
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1 inch diameter, 20 feet long
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what occurs in the small intestine?
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95% of food consumed is absorbed here
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at what speed do the following items absorb ? Fats, Sugary foods, cold water
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fats- take the longest
sugary food- takes longer than water cold water- absorbs the fastest |
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Where are villi and microvilli found?
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small intestine
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what does the large intestine do?
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-collects undigested/unabsorbed material
-bacteria breaks down food |
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at what speed do the following items absorb ? Fats, Sugary foods, cold water
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fats- take the longest
sugary food- takes longer than water cold water- absorbs the fastest |
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Where are villi and microvilli found?
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small intestine
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what does the large intestine(colon) do?
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-collects undigested/unabsorbed material
-bacteria breaks down food |
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what does the rectum do?
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hold food until it is excreted
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what is the anus?
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opening where food is excreted
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what does the liver do?
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produces bile
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what does the gall bladder do?
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stores bile
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what does bile do?
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it breaks down fats
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why is it important to move bowels daily?
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to avoid build up of bacteria, and fecal matter
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what helps you to move bowels more easily?
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eating fiber and drinking water
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