Nutrition 1

Front 1

Explain a study which compaired the cognitive and motor performance effects between dieters and non dieters? (Reference?) Give an explanation for these results? What study tries to tease apart these possible explanations?

Back 1

Green et al 1994
Dieters did worse on memory tasks, Reaction time tasks but better on a tapping task.

Explanation:
1. Maybe theres a pre-existing difference between dieters and non dieters. Perhaps dieters are less intelligent than non diets.
2. Maybe when we diet we restrict ourselves of glucose to the brain
3. Maybe an increased desire to eat distracts us from the task
4. Maybe we are distracted because lack of food is making us feel low
5. Maybe we are preoccupied with how to maintain our weight etc Jones and Rogers (2003) tries to tease apart these explanations.

Front 2

Explain the formula for total carbohydrate stores in the body? What is this mostly stored as and when? What two types can be provided to the body and for how long?

Back 2

<1 x daily energy intake (mostly stored as glycogen in the liver which can provide the body with glycogen for 18h, or glucose for 30 mins)

Front 3

Explain the formula for total energy stored in the body?

Back 3

60x daily energy intake

Front 4

Explain the formula for total fat stores in the body?

Back 4

55x daily energy intake

Front 5

Explain the formula for total protein stores in the body?

Back 5

20x daily energy intake (can’t utilise more than 20% of total body protein without serious adverse consequences)

Front 6

Explain the Jones and Rogers (2003) study?

Back 6

Tends to support the preoccupation with thoughts about food explanation.

If the reason dieters do worse on cognitive tasks is due to lack of glucose, then eating a mars bar should repair this. Or eating a mars bar could increase worry about food in dieters, and if thats the case, we might expect eating a mars bar to reduce performance even further.

Results: Prior to eating the mars bar the dieters performed less well than non dieters, but consuming the mars bar reduced their performance even more, but it had no effect on non dieters performance. They were then interviewed afterwards about their experience, and dieters said they had more thoughts about eating/food after eating the mars bar.

Front 7

Give a reference that gives a cross sectional study showing a positive relationship between weight and mean energy density intake?

Back 7

Stubbs et al 1995

Front 8

Give a reference that says that fastfood is causing the obesity crisis? But?

Back 8

Gearhardt et al 2011

Theres a correlation between obesity levels and fast food restaurants in france and the UK. But bottled water has gone up at the same time as obesity.

Front 9

Give a reference that shows that energy expenditure involving physical activity is also important in overall energy balance?

Back 9

Prentice and Jebb 1995

Front 10

Give two references to a study showing that if we serve more food, people eat more?

Back 10

Rolls et al 2007, Fisher et al 2007

Front 11

How much energy per gram does ethanol have?

Back 11

7 kcal/gram

Front 12

How much energy per gram does fibre have?

Back 12

<2kcal/gram

Front 13

How much of the brain is water?

Back 13

80%

Front 14

In the UK what percentage of energy intake comes from cabs, fats and proteins?

Back 14

carbs = 45%fats = 40%15%= protein

Front 15

What are triglycerides broken down into?

Back 15

Glycerol and triglycerides.

Front 16

What does Peter Rogers say about how appetite works?

Back 16

Hunger is really is being ready/attracted to food

Front 17

What is cholesterol a type of? What three things is it a precursor of?

Back 17

Cholesterol is a fat. It is a precursor to testosterone and estrogen and phospholipids

Front 18

What is likely to be the stimulus for hunger? And what not?

Back 18

Not short term depletion of energy stores. 60 days is 180 meals, so missing a meal makes a trivial impact on body stores. More likely to be the absesne of fullness. A single meal is like adding a mug of water to a saucepan. When the meal is mostly digested and absorbed, we are ready to eat again.

Front 19

What is the daily energy requirement for a moderately active, lean person weighing 65kg? How much of this is used as basic energy requirement?

Back 19

2300kcal. About 2/3 is used for BMR 750kcal

Front 20

What is the main energy source of the brain?

Back 20

Glucose

Front 21

What is the technical name for fibre?

Back 21

Non-starch polysaccharides