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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
black cohosh
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-used for hot flashes and menopause sx
name = Remifem trials have proved it usefull in reducing hot flashes and sweating not recommended during pregnancy |
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cranberry
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-used for UTI and dental plaque prevention
-contains phenols = antioxidant and antimicrobial trials are inconclusive |
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echinacea
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-used to prevent cold, flu, infection
trials show it has no real effect -not advised for those allergive to ragweed, marigold, daisies |
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ephedra/ma huang
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-used for cold, flu, fever, weight loss, sports performance
-contains sympathomimetic aklaloid ephedrine --> stimulates HR, BP -ephedra toxicity --> CVA, MI, sudden death -banned in 2004, but Chinese herbal remedies are still on the market |
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garlic
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-used to lower cholesterol, BP, and in heart disease and cancer prevention
-contains sulfur compounds trials show small reduction in cholesterol, BP side effects: heartburn, high concentrations induce CYP3A4 |
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ginko
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-used for memory improvement, Alzheimer's tx
-has sesquiterpenes and diterpens --> act as radical scavengers and prevent platelet activation small studies showed it effective, large studies disproved side effects: uncooked seeds have ginkotoxin --> seizures, GI irritation |
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ginseng
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-used to increase mental/physical performance, boost immune system, treat ED, hep C, and menopause
-contain ginsenosides, which are "adaptogens" that adjust immune response no conclusive trial |
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kava
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-used for anxiety, insomnia, menopausal sx
-also as a recreational drug -contain alkaloids that enhance ligand-binding to GABA receptors, reduce norepinephrine uptake, and inhibit MAO-B trials show it may help anxiety side effects: liver toxicity |
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licorice root
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-used as an expectorant, and a sweet
-contain glycyrrhetinic acid, which induces hypokalemia and increases BP, and inhibits 11-B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (so cortisol is not inactivated to cortisone) -acts on aldosterone receptor |
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milk thistle
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-used for protective effects on liver, gallbladder
trials are conflicting |
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St. John's Wort
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-used for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, nerve pain
-contains antimicrobials and weak MAO A/B inhibition -INDUCES CYP3A4 --> speeds up the metabolism of many drugs (immunosuppressants, digoxin, warfarin, antidepressents, BCPs) trials show effective in minor depression, but not in major depression |
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valerian root
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-used for insomnia and sleep disorders
trial are inconclusive |