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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
black cohosh
-used for hot flashes and menopause sx

name = Remifem

trials have proved it usefull in reducing hot flashes and sweating

not recommended during pregnancy
cranberry
-used for UTI and dental plaque prevention

-contains phenols = antioxidant and antimicrobial

trials are inconclusive
echinacea
-used to prevent cold, flu, infection

trials show it has no real effect

-not advised for those allergive to ragweed, marigold, daisies
ephedra/ma huang
-used for cold, flu, fever, weight loss, sports performance

-contains sympathomimetic aklaloid ephedrine --> stimulates HR, BP

-ephedra toxicity --> CVA, MI, sudden death

-banned in 2004, but Chinese herbal remedies are still on the market
garlic
-used to lower cholesterol, BP, and in heart disease and cancer prevention

-contains sulfur compounds

trials show small reduction in cholesterol, BP

side effects: heartburn, high concentrations induce CYP3A4
ginko
-used for memory improvement, Alzheimer's tx

-has sesquiterpenes and diterpens --> act as radical scavengers and prevent platelet activation

small studies showed it effective, large studies disproved

side effects: uncooked seeds have ginkotoxin --> seizures, GI irritation
ginseng
-used to increase mental/physical performance, boost immune system, treat ED, hep C, and menopause

-contain ginsenosides, which are "adaptogens" that adjust immune response

no conclusive trial
kava
-used for anxiety, insomnia, menopausal sx

-also as a recreational drug

-contain alkaloids that enhance ligand-binding to GABA receptors, reduce norepinephrine uptake, and inhibit MAO-B

trials show it may help anxiety

side effects: liver toxicity
licorice root
-used as an expectorant, and a sweet

-contain glycyrrhetinic acid, which induces hypokalemia and increases BP, and inhibits 11-B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (so cortisol is not inactivated to cortisone)
-acts on aldosterone receptor
milk thistle
-used for protective effects on liver, gallbladder

trials are conflicting
St. John's Wort
-used for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, nerve pain

-contains antimicrobials and weak MAO A/B inhibition

-INDUCES CYP3A4 --> speeds up the metabolism of many drugs (immunosuppressants, digoxin, warfarin, antidepressents, BCPs)

trials show effective in minor depression, but not in major depression
valerian root
-used for insomnia and sleep disorders

trial are inconclusive