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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trace Minerals:
1) How many essential trace minerals are there? 2) need in? 3) over deficiency is? 4) Interactions between? 5) soil determines? 6) animals sources are? |
1) 9
2) small amounts 3) rare 4) minerals 5) amount 6) better absorbed |
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Iron Absorbtion-Heme Iron:
1) What products? 2) Better or worse absorbed than non-heme? |
1) animal
2) better |
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Iron Absorbtion-Nonheme Iron:
1) What products? 2) Absorbtion enhanced by what three things? 3) Absorbtion hindered by what four things? 4) Sources? (4) |
1) Plant
2) Vit C, Stomach acidity, and MPF (meat protein factor) 3) Phytic acid, oxalic acid, high fiber, and high calcium 4) Enriched grains, fortified cereals, beans, and iron skillets |
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Iron:
1) Adult Women RDA? 2) Adult Men RDA? 3) Daily Value? 4) North American intake? |
1) 18mg
2) 8mg 3) 18mg 4) 12-17mg/day |
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Functions of Iron:
1) What are the functions? (5) 2) 2 functions of hemoglobin? 3) myoglobin in what? |
1) hemoglobin, myoglobin, iron cotaining enzymes, enzyme cofactor, and immune function
2) a. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide b. high turnover, high demand for iron 3) muscles |
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Absorption of Iron in the GI:
1) Ferritin in the intestinal cells can be what? 2) Transferrin in the what? 3) Iron is sloughed off within what? 4) Absorption depeneds on what? |
1) stored or go into the bloodstream
2) bloodstream 3) 2-5 days from intestinal cells, allows control of iron absorption 4) storage and immediate body needs |
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Iron Deficiency-Anemia:
1) Most common what? 2) Lack of what? 3) Impairs what? 4) Who is at risk? 5) Symptoms? |
1) tracemineral deficiency world wide
2) heme and hemoglobin syntheses 3) oxygen transport in blood 4) infant, toddler, chronic blood loss, vegan and women of child bearing age 5) plaeness, brittle nails, fatigue, difficult breathing, poor growth, delays cognitive development |
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Toxicity of Iron:
1) Called What 2) Recessive what? 3) Over what? 4) Iron deposits in what? 5) Symptoms? 6) May go what? 7) Problamatic with what if people have hemochromatosis? |
1)Hemochromatosis (1/200) usually men
2) genetic disease, small precentage of US 3) absorbtion of iron 4) organs (leads to damage and diabetes) 5) fatigue, headache, loss of hair, enlarged live-do not take supplement unless serum levels tested 6) undeteced untill 50-60 of age when organ fails 7) problem with fod fortification |
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Zinc:
1) Food Sources? 2) Absorption similar to? 3) Mucosal blocks work? 4) Can override what? 5) Excess excreted in what? |
1) animal products, shellfish, legumes, nuts and wholegrains
2) Similar to iron protein bind and regulates the release of zinc at the intestinal cell 3) against over absorption 4) high consumption 5) feces |
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Zinc:
1) Adult women RDA? 2) Adult men RDA? 3) Daily Value? 4) Average US intake is what? |
1) 8
2) 11 3) 15 4) adequate |
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Zinc:
1) Functions? 2) Deficiency? |
1) a. cofactor to many enzymes
b. synthesis of DNA/RNA c. protein and alcohol metabolism d. wound healing, immune function, growth e. development of sexual organs and bones 2) a. poor growth b. inadequate sexual development c. reduced sense of smell and taste d. impared immune function |
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Copper:
1) Food Sources? 2) Average US intake is? 3) Absorbed in? 4) Transported in what? 5) High zinc intake can what? |
1) organ meats, seafood, legumes, whole grains
2) slightly below RDA 3) small intestines 4) blood streams, very little stored 5) interfere with copper absorption |
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Copper:
1) Adult women RDA? 2) Adult men RDA? 3) Daily Value? |
1) 900 ug
2) 900 ug 3) 2mg |
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Copper:
1) Functions? 2) Defiency? 3) Toxicity? |
1) a. part of enzymes, etc
b. formation of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine) c. maintenance of connective tissue d. immune function 2) usually consequence of hifh zinc supplements 3) Wilsons disease accumulates copper in the liver, brain, kidneys, and cornea leading to prmature death if left undeteced |
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Iodine:
1) Common form? 2) Sources? 3) Average intake? 4) Function? |
1) iodized salt (1/2 tsp. meets RDA)
2) saltwater fish, seafood, diary products-plant sources dependent on soil 3) exceeds RDA 4) synthesis of thyroid hormones |
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Iodine:
1) Adult women RDA 2) Adult men RDA 3) Daily Valye |
1) 150 ug
2) 150 ug 3) 150 ug |
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Deficiecy of Iodine:
1) Goiter? 2) Harmful during? 3) Cretinism? 4) Table salts developed? |
1) thyroid gland enlarged
2) pregnancy 3) brain and growth development 4) developd to treat public health issues |
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Selenium:
1) Food Sources? 2) Average intake? 3) Functions? 4) Deficiency? |
1) Fish, meat, eggs, mik/wholegrain, seeds, and needs
2) exceeds RDA 3) a. co-factor for several antioxidants b. protects the heart and other cells from oxidative damage c. Works together with Vitamin E 4) Kashan Disease-cardiac function impaied |
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Selenium:
1) Adult Women RDA? 2) Adult men RDA? 3) Daily Value? |
1) 55ug
2) 55ug 3) 70 ug |
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Chromium:
1) Widely what? 2) AI? 3) Average intake meets the? 4) Functions? |
1) Distributed
2) 25-35 ug 3) AI 4) a. not fully known b. associated with maintain normal blood glucose levels c. supplements in type 2 diabetes patients has not shown to be effective |
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Flouride:
1) Food Sources? 2) Found in what product? 3) Functions? 4) Defieciency? |
1) Flouridated water, tea, seafood, seaweed
2) tooth paste 3) a. prevent cavities b. inhibits bacterial growth 4) increase incidence of dental caries |
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Toxicity of Flouride:
1) What is fluorosia? 2) 2 facts on fluorosia? 3) limit what? |
1) mottling of the teeth in children
2) a. not a health risk b. discoloration 3) pea size for children, do not use adult toothpste with children unable to spit. |