Nutr 489 Exam 1

Front 1

vitamine

Back 1

coined by Casimir Funk upon isolation of thiamin-containing accessory factor

termed "vital amine" because of the presence of an amine group

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vitamin (5 criteria)

Back 2

1. organic compound
2. natural component of food
3. essential in minute amounts for normal physiological function
4. deficiency results in specialized syndrome
5. not synthesized in adequate amounts by host

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vitamers

Back 3

isomers of the same vitamin "family"

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provitamin

Back 4

precursor of an actual vitamin

ex: carotenoids metabolized to form active vitamin A

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scurvy

Back 5

disease related to vitamin C deficiency

involves sore gums, painful joints, and multiple hemorrhages

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beriberi

Back 6

disease related to thiamin deficiency

involves severe fatigue, complications of cardiovascular, nervous, GI, and muscular systems

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rickets

Back 7

disease of growing bones (vitamin D deficiency)

involves deformation of long bones, swollen joints, and/or enlarged heads

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pellagra

Back 8

disease related to niacin deficiency

involves lesions of skin and mouth and GI and mental disturbances

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requirements of nutrition research

Back 9

1. repeatability
2. relevance

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purified diet

Back 10

diet of defined composition

formulated using highly refined ingredients with well known chemical compositions

provided predictability (through being repeatable)

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polyneuritis

Back 11

damaged nerves of peripheral system

symptom of thiamin deficiency in chickens

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accessory factor

Back 12

factors (aside from fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) that are required in small amounts for growth

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vitamine theory

Back 13

presented by Funk

discarded germ theory and provided new concept for interpretation of diet-related phenomena

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xerophthalmia

Back 14

xeros = "dry"
opthalmos = "eye"

dryness of eyeball, hyperkeratosis of conjunctiva, and inflammation/edema of cornea

leads to infection, ulceration, and blindness

symptom of vitamin A deficiency

Front 15

beta-carotene

Back 15

provitamin for vitamin A

Front 16

retinen

Back 16

chromophore (retinal pigment) formed by oxidation of vitamin A

aka RETINAL

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ergocalciferol

Back 17

vitamer of Vitamin D

formed from ergosterol

called vitamin D2

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cholecalciferol

Back 18

vitamer of vitamin D

formed from cholesterol

called vitamin D3

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flavin

Back 19

initially, used as describer of accessory factors with a prefix indicating the source material in which it was isolated from:

ovoflavin (egg white)
hepatoflavin (liver)
lactoflavin (milk)

later called riboflavin

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black tongue disease

Back 20

necrotic degeneration of the tongue

clinical manifestation of niacin deficiency in animal models

led to discovery of niacin

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bioavailability

Back 21

proportion of an ingested nutrient that is absorbed/retained/metabolized through pathways to exert normal physiological function