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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early adulthood:
Midlife: Old age: |
early adulthood 20-39 years
midlife: 40-64 years old age: 65+ |
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4 Theories of Aging (explain a little)
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Limited Cell Replication: cells can only replicate a certain number of times, then death of cells
Molecular Clock: telomeres become shorter with age; loss of telomeres -> loss of chromosomes -> loss of new cells -> death of cells Free Radical/Oxidative Stress: free radicals damage cells Rate of Living Theory: "faster" living = faster aging = sooner death |
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Age-associated cardiovascular system changes
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decrease in BV elasticity, increased BP
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Age-associated endocrine system changes
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reduced levels of estrogen and testosterone, decreased secretion of GH, reduced glucose tolerance, decreased Vit D absorption
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Age-associated GI system changes
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reduced saliva/mucus, missing/poorly-fitting teeth, trouble swallowing, reduced stomach acid, slower peristalsis, reduced B12 absorption
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Age-associated musculoskeletal system changes
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reduced lean body mass, increased fat mass, decreased resting metabolic rate, reduced strength
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Age-associated nervous system changes
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blunted appetite/thirst regulation, slower nerve conduction, changed sleep cycle (shorter wake cycle)
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Age-associated respiratory system changes
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decreased work capacity (endurance), reduced breathing capacity
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sarcopenia -
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loss of lean body mass
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Body composition (older compared to younger person)
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Less protein, water, mineral.
Increased fat |
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From 20-70, the average male loses ______ pounds of ______ mass, and gains _____ pounds of _____ mass
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loses 24 of muscle mass
gains 22 of fat mass |
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Iron needs post-menopause
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8 mg/day
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Dietary adaptations for older adults
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increased vitamin/mineral needs (B12, D, Ca)
DECREASE vitamin a increased water needs lower caloric intake |
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Protein Requirements:
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1-1.25 g/kg/day
(DRI 0.8) |
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Water recommendations
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1 mL/kcal consumed
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D E T E R M I N E
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Disease
Eating poorly Tooth loss/mouth pain Economic hardship Reduced social interaction Multiple meds Involuntary weight loss/gain Need for assistance Elder at an advanced age |
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Ways by which drugs can alter the amount of nutrients available to the body
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Alter: Intake, Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion
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How can drugs alter intake of nutrients?
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change appetite, change sense of smell/taste, change the oral environment or cause irritations, induce nausea/vomiting, irritate GI tract
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How can drugs alter absorption of nutrients?
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change acidity of digestive tract, alter motility of digestive tract, inactivate the digestive enzyme systems, damage mucosal cells, bind nutrients
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How can drugs alter metabolism?
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interfere with metabolic enzyme systems
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How can drugs alter excretion?
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increase/decrease excretion of certain nutrients (ex: sodium and potassium excreted because of diuretic drugs)
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How can food/nutrients alter absorption of drugs?
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change acidity, stimulate secretion of digestive juices, delay digestive processes, bind drugs, compete for absorption sites in the gut
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Food/nutrients alter excretion of drugs by _____.
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changing acidity of urine
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Physiological changes in the elderly that affect absorption of drugs:
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decreased absorptive surface, decreased blood flow, increased gastric pH, decreased GI motility,
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Physiological changes in the elderly that affect distribution of drugs
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decreased water volume, decreased cardiac output, increased fat volume, decreased LBM, decreased cerebral blood flow, changed membrane permeability,
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Physiological changes in the elderly that affect metabolism
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decreased liver mass, decreased blood flow to liver, changed enzyme activity
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Physiological changes in the elderly that affect excretion
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decreased renal blood flow
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Calculate BMI
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weight divided by height squared, times 703
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