Nusring Final Pain

Front 1

a highly complex and subjective experience that originates from the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system or both. disruption of comfort. universal human experience. cannot experience another persons.

Back 1

pain

Front 2

unpleasant sensory and smotional experience associated with actual or potential tissure damage

Back 2

pain

Front 3

two essential elements of ______
-sensory perception of actual or potential tissue damage
-emotional component of the ___ experience.
it is the number one reason people go to the doctor
causes decreased enerygy, effects ADLS, effects sleep and relationships

Back 3

pain

Front 4

pain is unwanted but necessary. it acts as a ___ ____ that protects us. pain says warning warning stop. in this way pain protects the body from injury or further injury. pain also helps healing becuase we are usually rest when an injury hurts

Back 4

warning system

Front 5

detect painful sesations from periphery and transmit them to the central nervous system. located within the skin: connective tissue; muscle; and the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic viscera. can be stimualted by trauma or injury or secondarily by chemical mediators that are released from the site of tissue

Back 5

nociceptors

Front 6

2 types of nociceptors
-_______ sharp, localized, persistent after injury.
-________ dull, poorly localized, persistent after injury.

Back 6

- a delta
- c fibers

Front 7

(enhances)- vasodilation.. increased blood flow.. edema.. release serotonin, etc. and bind to opiod receptors pain

Back 7

substance P (nociceptors)

Front 8

nociceptors respond to noxious stimuli (chemical, thermal, mechanical) causing the inflammatory response and biochemical releas (cytokines)

Back 8

transduction

Front 9

nociceptors transmit painful stimuli from site to dorsal horn of spinal cord and release substance p

Back 9

trnasmission

Front 10

stimuli reaches conscious awareness

Back 10

perception

Front 11

enhances and inhibits transmission (adaption) at all levels of spinal cord ( also involves endorphins)

Back 11

modulation

Front 12

varies with age, gender, culture
increased BP, pulse, respirations, pupil dilation
-n&v, fainting, decreased bp and pulse with severe and deep.
-move cry and protect
-psychologic-fear, anger, depression

Back 12

responses to pain

Front 13

pain that is felt at a particular site but originates from another location

Back 13

referred pain

Front 14

activation of nociceptors in cutaneous and deep tissue. come from sources such as blod vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, and bone

Back 14

deep somatic pain

Front 15

originates from injury to internal organs ex: kidney and stomach

Back 15

visceral pain

Front 16

pain syndroms associated with damage to some part of the nervous systems (often chronic) burning tingling numbness

Back 16

neuropathic pain

Front 17

perceived at source extends to nearby tissues

Back 17

radiating

Front 18

pain highly resistant to relief

Back 18

intactable

Front 19

painful sensation perceived in a missing body part without demonstrated physiologic or pathologic substance

Back 19

phantom limb pain

Front 20

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

Back 20

pain

Front 21

recent onset usually < 1 month usually complete reliefe possible. sudden or slow onset of any intensity from mild to severe with an anticipated or predictable end and duration < 6 months

Back 21

acute

Front 22

constant non-malignant complete relief usually not possible.
sudden or slow onset of any intesity from mild to sever with an anticipated or predictable end and duration >6 months

Back 22

chronic

Front 23

_______ _________ provides data for an accurate diagnosos of the pain complaint.
_____ ______ provides data for evaluating the effectiveness of pain management
must always treat pain and reassses every 4 hours

Back 23

-initial assessment
-ongoing assessment

Front 24

_____ provides information about how the client reacted to past pain experiences fears and concerns prefrences for particular pain management stratagies

Back 24

interview

Front 25

describe the pain- burning, dull, heavy, sharp, tingling.
locations of pain- does it radiate anywere else.
severirty or integrity of pain- pain scale
aggrevating relieveing factors
onset and durations

Back 25

assessment

Front 26

guarding, impaired thought processes withdrawn distaction behavior- moaning, crying, pacing, seek others or activity
restless- mask of pain, eyes lack luster
rigid muscle tone diaphoresis, blood pressure, pulse and repiratory changes, pupil dialtion

Back 26

examination

Front 27

backrubs, remove or alter cause of pain, relaxation- release endorphins, distraction, imagry, mind body interaction, cutaneous stimulation- message, heat/cold, acupressure, acupuncture, tens, hypnosis, biofeedback, pharmacological, surgical, and placebo

Back 27

interventions