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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Essential Nutrient
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Cannot be made in the body
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Nonessential Nutrient
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Other chemicals
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Example of nonessential nutrient
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lechithin
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6 classes of nutrients
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1. Carbohydrates (M)
2. Proteins (M) 3. Lipids (M) 4. Water (M) 5. Vitamins (m) 6. Minerals (m) |
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Carbohydrate structure
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Lipid structure
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Protein Structure
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Kilocalorie
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unit of heat to express the amount of energy produced by food
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1 kcal=(description)
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Amount of heat to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree
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1 kcal=
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1000 calories
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Carbohydrates provide _____ kcal/gram
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4 kcal/gram
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Carbohydrates composed of these elements
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C, H, O
(CHO) |
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Simple carbohydrates=
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Sugars
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Complex carbohydrates=
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Starch
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Lipids MADE up of
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Fatty acids
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Lipids MAKE up
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Cell membranes
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Lipids provide _____ kcal/gram
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9 kcal/gram
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Lipids composed of these elements
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C, H, O, some P
(CHOP) |
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Proteins necessary for...
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Growth and maintenance of body structures
Regulation of body processes |
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Protein makes up
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Muscles and connective tissue
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Protein MADE up of
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Amino acids (essential/nonessential)
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Protein supplies ______ kcal/gram
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4 kcal/gram
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Protein made up of these elements
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C, H, N, O
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Vitamins/minerals do not provide...
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Energy
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What vitamins/minerals do...
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Regulate metabolic processes
(bone growth, oxygen transport, tissue growth) |
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Vitamins/minerals necessary for...
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Energy production
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Fortified foods have...
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added vitamins/minerals
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Alcohol supplies...
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No nutrients
excess sugar/fat |
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Alcohol has ____ kcal/gram
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7 kcal/gram
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Nutrient needs depends on...(4)
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1. Genetics
2. Lifestyle 3. Health 4. Diet |
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2 components of malnutrition
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1. Undernutrition
2. Overnutrition |
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Undernutrition
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Deficiency of energy/nutrients
-Unable to absorb nutrients -Deficient intake (iron, B12) -Dehydration -Starvation |
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Overnutrition
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Excess nutrient intake
-Toxicity -Obesity |
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Nutrient-related diseases
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Diabetes
Hypertension Heart Disease Vitamin/mineral deficiencies Toxicities |
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Controllable risk factors for chronic disease
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-Body weight
-Physical activity -Stress -Lifestyle (smoking, hazards) -Nutrient intake |
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Uncontrollable risk factors for chronic diseases
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Age
Genetics Gender |
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Factors of a healthy diet
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-High nutrient density
-Proper energy intake to keep weight in a desired range -Proper types and balance of nutrients -Water -Sufficient, not excessive vitamins and minerals |
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Compensation recommendations for a healthy diet
(Fat, protein, carbs) |
Fat=20-35%
Protein=10-35% Carbohydrates=45-65% |
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American diet _____ compensation recommendations for a healthy diet
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Meets but is excessive
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American diet is....
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Changing
Used to have home-cooked meals, now lots of fast food |
