Nursing2 Ob - Murray Ch19 Summary 20110907

Front 1

__, __, __, & __ factors combine to stimulate the respiratory center in the brain and initiate respirations at birth.

Back 1

Chemical - mechanical - thermal - sensory

Front 2

Chemical, mechanical, thermal, and sensory factors combine to stimulate the __ __ in the brain and initiate __ at birth.

Back 2

respiratory center - respirations

Front 3

Surfactant lines the alveoli and reduces surface tension to keep the alveoli open. Fetal lung fluid moves into the __ spaces before, during, and after birth and is absorbed by the __ & __.

Back 3

interstitial - lymphatic & vascular systems

Front 4

Increases in__ __ levels, shifts in pressure in the __ & __, and closing of the __ __ cause closure of the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus at birth.

Back 4

blood oxygen - heart and lungs - umbilical vessels

Front 5

Increases in blood oxygen levels, shifts in pressure in the heart and lungs, and closing of the umbilical vessels cause closure of the __ __, __ __, & __ __ at birth.

Back 5

ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus

Front 6

Infants are predisposed to __ __ because they have thin skin with little subcutaneous (white) fat, blood vessels close to the surface, and a large skin surface area. They lose heat by __, __, __, & __.

Back 6

heat loss - evaporation - conduction - convection - radiation

Front 7

Heat is produced in newborns by __ (5). These factors increase __ & __ consumption and may cause respiratory __, __, __, & __.

Back 7

increased activity - flexion - metabolism -vasoconstriction - nonshivering thermogenesis - oxygen & glucose - distress - hypoglycemia - acidosis - jaundice

Front 8

Laboratory values for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit are __ (lower/higher) for newborns than for adults because (less/more) __ oxygen was available to them in fetal life than after birth.

Back 8

higher - less

Front 9

After birth, the stools progress from thick, greenish black __ to loose, greenish brown transitional stools to __ stools. Stools of __ infants are frequent, soft, seedy, and mustard-colored. Those of __ infants are pale yellow to light brown, firmer, and less frequent.

Back 9

meconium - milk - breastfed - formula-fed

Front 10

The neonate uses glucose __ (slowly/rapidly) and is at risk for __.

Back 10

rapidly - hypoglycemia

Front 11

__ jaundice occurs in normal newborns after the first 24 hours of life as a result of hemolysis of red blood cells and immaturity of the liver.

Back 11

Physiologic

Front 12

__ jaundice is abnormal, begins within the first 24 hours, and often requires treatment with phototherapy.

Back 12

Nonphysiologic

Front 13

__ jaundice is often caused by insuffi­cient intake.

Back 13

Breastfeeding

Front 14

__ jaundice begins later than __ jaundice and may be attributable to substances in the milk.

Back 14

True breast milk - physiologic

Front 15

The newborn’s kidneys filter, reabsorb, and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance __ (less/more) efficiently than the adult’s kidneys. Compared to adults, the newborn’s body is composed of a (lesser/greater) __ percentage of water, with (less/more) __ located in the __ __.

Back 15

less - greater - more - extracellular compartment

Front 16

Newborns receive passive immunity when IgG crosses the placenta in __. After birth, __ & __ are produced to protect against infection.

Back 16

utero - IgM & IgA

Front 17

During the __ & __ periods of reactivity, newborns are active and alert and may be interested in __. They may have a (low/high) __ temperature, (lower/higher) __ pulse & respiratory rates, and excessive __.

Back 17

first & second - feeding - low - higher - secretions

Front 18

Newborns progress through six behavioral states:

Back 18

quiet sleep - active sleep - drowsy - quiet alert - active alert - crying