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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deontological Theory
aka formalism, kantianism |
Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
you determine your objective duty and perform that duty regardless of consequences. the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act, not its consequence moral rules are absolute and apply to all people, at all times, in all situations origin: rationalism YOU DO THE RIGHT THING, no gray areas |
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Divine Command Theory (type of deontology)
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originates from major theistic traditions: judaism, christianity, islam, buddhism.
God is concieved as a lawgiver who has laid down rules we must obey |
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Natural Law Theory
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Thomas Aquines
the moral rules are viewed as deriving from laws of nature. "NATURAL= right, UNNATURAL= morally wrong |
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Utilitarianism
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John Locke 1632-1704, John Stuart Mill 1806-1873
modern founder: jeremy bentham focus on consequences- the end result. promotes happiness for as many people as possible. *basis in naturalism *golden rule: do unto others as you would have them do to you *the end justifies the means |
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utilitarianism- ethical egoism
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Ayn Rand
each person ought to pursue his or her own self interest exclusively. ALL ABOUT ME |
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utilitarianism- egoistic hedonism-
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strive for pleasure-
short term: eat drink be merry. Aristippus long term: continuously seek pleasure and avoid pain epicurus |
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utilitarianism- altruistic
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happiness/benefit others
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act utilitarianism-
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suggests that people choose actions that will, in any given circumstance, increase the overall good.
allows people to make their own decisions- weigh pros cons. nothing is set in stone- no rules. you ACT how you want. |
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Rule Utilitarianism
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suggests that people choose rules that, when followed consistently, will maximize the overall good.
focuses on principles and consequences. tell the truth, keep promises in ALL CIRCUMSTANCES.= follow the rules. ex: even though lying may be a good option for right now, in the long run it will mess things up- so tell truth in beginning |
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biomedical principle: beauchamp and childress
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beneficence: doing good
non maleficence: do no harm justice: treat pt fairly autonomy: self right |
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biomedical principle: derivative principles
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fidelity: faithful
veracity: truthfulness confidentiality |
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what did aristotle strive for?
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virtue ethics: courage kindness, compassion, etc.
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Jean Watsons Caring theory
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transpersonal caring: unity of life, were all in this together
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philosophy
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study of the ultimate causes, meaning and purpose of human existance and the world
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epistemology
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study of knowledge
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metaphysics
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study of reality
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what is the principle of utility?
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guide for choosing rules, not individual acts
no gray area |
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naturalism
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view of moral judgement that regards ethics as dependent upon human nature and psychology.
there is a near universality in moral judgment- peoples judgments in similar circumstances will be much alike. -sympathy, we all want pleasure, happiness, etc |
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rationalism
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there are absolute truths that are not dependent upon human nature. values have an independent origin in a person.
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categorical imperative- for deontology
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moral rules that do not admit exceptions,
a command that is derived from principle no gray area |
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practical imperative- for deontology
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act so that you treat humanity always as an end and never as a means only.
domination over one person is morally wrong be PRACTICAL, treat others how you want to be treated |
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moral particularism
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embraces uniqueness of cases, significant cultural features and ethical judgements in each PARTICULAR case
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virtue ethics
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the character traits we acquire- dif in each person
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