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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deontology |
An act is moral if motives or intentions were good regardless of outcome.
(Help because do unto others as you would have done unto you) |
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Utilitarianism |
A moral act does the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people |
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Virtue Ethics |
Individuals actions and decisions are based on their character |
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Principalism |
Uses key ethical principles in the resolution of ethical conflicts or dilemmas. |
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Ethical Principles
A.B.N.J.V.F |
Autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Veracity Fidelity
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Autonomy |
Individuals have the right to determine their own actions and the freedom to make their own decisions. |
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Beneficence |
"The doing of good" Can conflict with other ethical principles (autonomy;religion) |
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Nonmaleficence |
Do no harm Do not act in a manner that would intentionally harm patients (Double effect- allows us to do harm because it will cause greater good in the end) Foundation of hippocratic oath and Nurses Code of Ethics |
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Justice |
Everyone should receive the care that is appropriate to their needs More for those with more needs and less for those w/ less needs |
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Fidelity |
Keeping your promises
The basis of the Nurse-Patient relationship (Faithfulness, honoring ones commitment/promises, respect, uphold Code of Ethics, etc.) |
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Veracity |
Truth telling; basis for trust development |
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Nursing Code of Ethics |
Guide for carrying out Nursing responsibilities (Provisions 1-9) |
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Provisions 1-3 |
1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for every individual, unrestricted by status or nature of health problems. 2. Primary commitment is to patient. 3. Nurse promotes to protect health, safety, and rights of the patient. |
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Provisions 4-6 |
4. Responsible and accountable 5. Same duties to self as to others 6. Establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments |
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Provisions 7-9 |
7. Advancement of the profession 8. Collaborates with other health professionals 9. Maintaining the integrity of the profession |
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Ethical Decision Making Model
A.D.O.I.E |
Similar to the Nursing Process
Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcome/Planning, Implementation, Evaluation |
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Nurse Practice Act |
Nurse practice acts in each state are laws that define responsibilities of the nurse and “scope of practice” – the range of activities and services as well as the qualifications for practice. The acts are intended to protect patients from harm as a result of unsafe or incompetent practice, or unqualified nurses.
It states the requirements for being a nurse The nursing titles you can use |
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Negligence |
Omission- not doing something Commission- doing something your not supposed to do |
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Delegation |
Giving someone the authority to act on your behalf
Nurses cannot delegate assessment or evaluation to an unlicensed personnel (LPN cannot do care on critical care or unstable patients) |
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Different words for Assessment |
-Judge -Estimate -Examine -Look over -Investigate -Evaluate -Check |
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Five rights of delegation T.C.P.D.S |
-Right task -Right circumstance -Right person -Right direction/communication -Right supervision/evaluation |
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Self Determination Act |
Gives the patient the right to act |
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Avoiding legal problems |
Promote positive interpersonal relationships |
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Defining Quality |
Institute of Medicine (IOM)- the more we have better outcome and are consistent with current professional knowledge, the degree to which health services for people increase |
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History of Quality Assurance |
-Nursing Licensure -Florence Nightingale -Social security act -ANA Nursing report card
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History of Quality Assurance National Health Quality Improvement Act |
Consumers become informed about their practice |
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History of Quality Assurance JCAHO (Renamed "The Joint Commission") |
Ensures quality care; accreditation standards |
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History of Quality Assurance National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators in 1998 (NDNQI) |
To see if you want to work there or not |
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Quality Methods |
-Quality Assurance (QA) [Reactive] -Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) or Total Quality Management (TQM) [Proactive] -CQI and TQM develops leadership, teamwork and employee empowerment |
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Approaches to Achieve Quality |
-Credentialing: recognition that someone/thing has met minimal standards -Licensure: controls entry into profession -Accreditation (voluntary): perform self-study, evaluated by individuals familiar with type of place -Certification (voluntary): combines features of licensure and accreditation |
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Quality Improvement Terms |
-Sentinel Events -Failure to Rescue -Near Miss -Rapid Response Team |
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Sentinel Events |
Patient goes from one stage to quickly another involving death or serious injury |
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Failure to Rescue |
Caregivers fail to notice or respond when a patient is dying of preventable complications in a hospital |
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Near Miss |
Detect system weaknesses before serious harm |
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Rapid Response Team |
Usually IC Doctor, nurse, respiratory therapist who usually come within minutes to see patients condition |
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FOCUS PDSA |
-Find a process to improve -Organize a team -Clarify the current knowledge -Understand the root cause (reactive) -Select the potential solutions
Plan Do Study Act |
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National Patient Safety Goals |
The purpose of the National Patient Safety Goals is to improve patient safety. The goals focus on problems in health care safety and how to solve them. |
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IOM Five care competencies to promote patient safety (1-2) |
1. Provide patient-centered care; focus on the patient rather than disease or the clinician. 2. Work in interdisciplinary teams; use the best healthcare professionals for the needs of the patients and work together to accomplish effective patient care outcomes. |
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IOM Five care competencies to promote patient safety (3-5) |
3. Employ evidence-based practice; integrate best research results, clinical expertise, and patient values to make patient care decisions. 4. Apply quality improvement (QI); not only apply QI, but make it effective. 5. Use informatics; apply it to the reduction of errors, management of knowledge and information, decision-making and communication. |
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WHO defines health as: |
World Health Organization defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" |
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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs |
1. Self actualization (use all skills) 2. Esteem Needs 3. Social Needs (Love and belonging) 4. Safety Needs (Physical and emotional-pain,etc) 5. Physiological Needs (Air, Shelter, food, etc. (basic)) |
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Nursing and Health Belief Models |
Need or desire to change does not equal success
Can assess a person's readiness to change (find when it is a good time)
Burden of action is shared. |
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Disenfranchised |
A loss is not considered a loss by society. |
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Diff. types of grief |
Anticipatory (Expecting death) Complicated (Long lasting) |
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Paternalism |
Making a decision for another |
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FMEA (Failure mode effect analysis) |
Systematic method for evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail. Look before error occurs |
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According to the IOM Report on the future of nursing |
Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training |
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Two types of communication in healthcare? |
Therapeutic and Professional |
