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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycogen
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carbohydrate energy stored in the liver and in muscles
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Gluconeogenesis
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the process of producing glucose from fat
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Insulin
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a hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
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Glycemic index
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the ranking of foods based on the level to which a food raises blood glucose levels compared with a reference food
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Dietary Fiber
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several kinds of carbohydrate substances from different plant sources. Can be soluble or insoluble
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Whole grain
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food items made using all the edible portions of kernels
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Hypoglycemia
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low blood glucose level
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Diabetes mellitus
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disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin that is either ineffective or deficient
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Adipose tissue
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the storage depot of body fat
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Saturated fatty acid
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a single-bonded carbon chain that is fully saturated because hydrogen atoms are attached to all available bonding sites
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Monounsaturated fatty acid
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carbon chain; has only one unsaturated double bond
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Trans fatty acids
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unusual double-bond structures caused by hydrogenated unsaturated oils
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LDLs
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Low density lipoproteins; carry cholesterol throughout the body to tissue cells for various functions
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HDLs
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high-density lipoproteins; formed within cells to remove cholesterol from the cell bringing it to the liver for disposal
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VLDLs
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very low-density lipoproteins; transfer newly made triglycerides to the cells
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Atherosclerosis
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accumulation of plaques that result in blockage in the arteries
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