Nursing Sem 1 Urinary System

Front 1

Review structure and
function of urinary/
renal system

Back 1

kidneys remove waste from
blood and forms urine via
the nephron. the ureters
transport urine to the bladder
leaves body thru the urethra

Front 2

Define
micturition

Back 2

the act of urinating
prevents reflux of urine from
the bladder into ureters

Front 3

Factors that influence
urinary elimination

Back 3

dz, socio-cultrual,
psychological, muscle tone,
fluid balance, surgical
procedures, meds

Front 4

Expected range of
urinary output of an
adult per hour

Back 4

per hour 30-300 mL
per 8 hr shift 240-2400 mL

Front 5

Normal
characteristics of
urine

Back 5

pale straw color to amber
depending on concentration
should be transparent
should have its own odor

Front 6

normal anatomical
changes r/t fluid
waste elimination
in senior adult

Back 6

Increase in age - decrease
in size/wt of kidneys. Decrease
in renal blood flow. bladder,
urethra, ureter have decrease
in elasticity/muscle tone.
urinary sphincter weakens.
Older women at risk for
irritation, infection,
incontinence. vag dry, thin
men - freq, urg, prostate
hypertrophy

Front 7

Psychological
and emotional
aspects of
incontinence

Back 7

Embarrassment, shamefull,
affects pts dignity, privacy

Front 8

Dysuria
Frequency

Back 8

Dysuria - painful/diff
urination
Frequency - increased incidence
of urinating, acutely inflammed
bladder

Front 9

Urgency
Hematuria

Back 9

Urgency - strong desire to
urinate, acute bacterial infec.
Hematuria - blood in urine
ca in GU tract, UTI, renal dz

Front 10

Retention
Incontinence

Back 10

Retention - inability to void
even though bladder seems full
s/p pelvic sx, childbirth
Incontinence - inability to
voluntarily control d/c of
urine. bladder infec, inj
to external sphincter

Front 11

Stress
Incontinence

Back 11

involuntary urination with
increased pressure when you
sneeze or cough for exp.
weakness of sphincter control

Front 12

Nocturia
Polyuria

Back 12

Nocturia - freq of urination
at night, renal dz, bladder
obstruction, chf, dm
Polyuria - large volume/amt
of urine at a given time, dm
chronic renal failure, excess
fluid intake

Front 13

Anuria
Oliguria

Back 13

Anuria - no urination. output
in 24 hrs < 100 mL. acute
renal failure, esrd, obstruction
Oliguria - diminished amt of
urine. severe dehydration,
shock, kidney dz, esrd

Front 14

Most frequent
nosocomial
infection

Back 14

hospital acquired UTI's.
due to catheterization
and surgical procedures.
most common cause e-coli

Front 15

UTI

Back 15

inflammation of urinary tract.
bacterial infect. most common.
can be classified as upper
or lower. complicated or
uncomplicated.

Front 16

Incontinence

Back 16

uncontrolled or involuntary
loss of urine that is of
sufficient magnitude to be a
problem. caused by confusion,
depression, infection, meds

Front 17

Obstruction

Back 17

any anatomic functional
condition that blocks or impedes
the flow of urine. may be
congenital or acquired.
diverticula, tumors, growths

Front 18

Phys. exam methods
to assess
urinary tract

Back 18

Inspection - changes in skin,
abd, state of health
Auscultation - abnrml murmur
over aorta or renal arteries
could indicate impaired flow
Palpation - kidneys, bladder
Percussion - tenderness in
flank area may be detected

Front 19

Urinalysis

Back 19

Color: pale yellow to amber
Appearance: clear to hazy
Smell: aromatic
Specific gravity 1.010-1.025
pH: average 5 and 6
* Glucose: negative
* Ketones: negative
* Blood: negative
* Protein: negative
* Nitrate for bacteria:
negative
* Leukocyte-negative
* Casts: negative
* Red blood cells
* White blood cells

Front 20

24 hour urine

Back 20

reveals how the kidney adjusts
to changing physiologic needs
over a long period. Substances
excreted by the
kidney are not excreted at the
same rate or in the same
amounts during different
periods of day and night

Front 21

BUN
Creatinine

Back 21

BUN and creatinine are waste
products filtered out of the
blood by the kidneys.
Increased concentrations in
the blood may indicate a
temporary or chronic decrease
in kidney function.
BUN 10-30
Creat 0.5-1.5

Front 22

BUN/Creatinine
ratio
Potassium

Back 22

bun/creat ratio 10:1
K+ 3.5-5.3, in renal dz
first electrolyte to
become imbalanced

Front 23

CBC

Back 23

used as a broad screening test
to check for such disorders as
anemia, infection, and many
other diseases
Hgb - amount of O2 carrying
protein in the blood.
Hct - amount of space RBC's
take up in blood
platelet count # of platelets
in a given volume of blood.

Front 24

WBC

Back 24

count of the actual number of
white blood cells per volume of
blood norm 4k-11k

Front 25

Goals or interventions
for patient care
that promote self-care
urinary elimination

Back 25

Promoting habits, normal
micturition, stimulating
micturition reflex
adequate fluid intake
complete emptying of bladder
privacy

Front 26

In + out cath

Back 26

straight cath, introduced
into bladder long enough
to drain bladder 5-10 min
can repeat if necessary,
but increases risk of infection

Front 27

Indwelling cath

Back 27

foley cath - remains in place
for a longer period of time
until a pt is able to void
completely and voluntary

Front 28

Suprapubic cath

Back 28

surgical placement of a cath
thru the abd wall above
the symphasis pubis and
into the urinary bladder

Front 29

Plan/assessment/care
for pts with cath

Back 29

prevent infection
maintain unobstructed flow
perineal hygiene
hygiene at insertion point
fluid intake

Front 30

Fluid intake

Back 30

clients with normal renal
function require
2000-2500 mL fluids/day
1200-1500 mL is adequate

Front 31

Pelvic exercises

Back 31

kegels - used to manage
stress, urgency, or mixed
urinary incontinence.
strengthens pelvic floor
muscles