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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ventilation
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Breathing composed of two parts... inspirations and expiration
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Diffusion
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the movement of gases from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
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Transport of gases
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O2 attaches to hemoglobin
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Adequate ventilation depends on...
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1. Clear & patent air passages
2. Intact CNS and resp center 3. Intact thoracic cavity 4. Adequate pulmonary compliance and recoil |
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Compliance and recoil
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Compliance = expansion
Recoil = retraction (an issue for COPD and CF patients) |
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Factors affecting respiratory function:
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Age
Environment (pollutants, altitude) Lifestyle (smoking, occupation, sedentary) Health Status (COPD, CF) Medications (narcotics, sedatives, antianxieties) Stress |
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Hypoxia
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Insufficient O2 in the BODY
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Hypoxemia
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Insufficient O2 in the BLOOD
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Name some altered breathing patterns:
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Dyspnea, Tacypnea, Bradypnea, Apnea, Kussmauls Breathing, Cheyne-Stokes, Orthopnea
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Where are primary and alternate areas to take pulse ox?
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Finger (primary): must remove nail polish!
Earlobe, forehead (alternates) |
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Pursed-lip breathing
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Good for COPD patients. Prevents alveoli from collapsing by maintaining positive pressure
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Why is hydration important for good airway exchange?
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It insures that the mucous membranes are moist.
Helps the sputum from being sticky |
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Two types of bronchodilators and how do they work?
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Sympathomimetric (opens airway: Albuterol)
Xanthines (prevents bronchospasms) |
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Under what conditions would you want to give cough suppresants and why?
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Only if a patient is having trouble sleeping due to coughing. Otherwise, you want the patient to cough and expectorate the mucous.
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Why do we use incentive spirometry?
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It helps improve pulmonary ventilation and counteracts anesthesia and hypoventilation (collapsed alveoli)
It helps loosen Respiratory secretions, facilitates gas exchang. Also, it is MEASURABLE |
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What is chest physiotherapy?
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The vest a patient wears which percusses and vibrates to help facilitate postural drainage.
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Yonker
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A device that a patient can use to self-suction
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Why do we hyperoxygenate before suctioning?
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To get O2 as high as possible before you essentially take the patient's airway away.
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List O2 delivery systems in order of effectiveness.
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Cannula, Venturi face mask, Simple face mask, partial re-breather, non-rebreather (close to 100%)
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List the artificial airways:
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Oropharyngeal (via the mouth)
Nasopharyngeal (via the nares) Endotracheal tubes (for anesthesia/trauma. aka "intubating") Tracheostomy (permanent/temp) |
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Pneumothorax
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lung collaps
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Hemothorax
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Bleeding in the lungs
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COPD
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Includes a variety of breathing disorders such as: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Asthma |
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Pneumonia
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Infection in the lungs
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Atelectasis
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collapsing alveoli (not a disease, but a condition)
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