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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what ages are considered middle childhood?
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6 to 8 years of age
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what ages are considered late childhood?
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8 to 12 years of age
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-age 6
-marked by need for peer associations |
juvenile period
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-age 9 or 10 to 12 years
-capacity to love -satisfaction and security of another of same sex (as important to child as personal satisfaction and security) |
preadolescence
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-age 9 or 10 yrs-12 yrs.
-increased hormone production of both sexes |
prepubesence
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what is the period of tranquility between turmoil of preschool years and tumult of adolescence?
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school years
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what is characteristic of school years?
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child is now capable of a kind of systematic learning more or less akin to what goes on in schools
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what is a factor of a child's potential?
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developed to the extent the environment provides opportunities for development
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what is gang age?
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the importance of affiliation with one's age mates (the gang)
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what are two impressive individual differences?
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endowment and environment
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what is latency?
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period of sexual quiescence between the Oedipus complex and the eroticism of adolescence
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what signifies the beginning of the middle years?
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loss of first baby tooth
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what signifies the end of the middle years?
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when permanent teeth come in (except wisdom teeth)
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what influence do parents play in the school age child?
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-parents are primary importance
-socialize child to adult world -child identifies with same sex parent -learns social roles of culture or social group -SA pulls away from parents |
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what influence do siblings play in the school aged child?
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-affects personality formation
-jealousy, rivalry, competition -protectiveness and deep affection -influence social interactions in later life |
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what is the typical growth rate of school aged child?
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-explosion of children
-all sizes and shapes |
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how do school age children look different than those a few years younger?
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-taller and mostly wiry
-longer legs and neck -more defined waist |
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a school aged child should be engaged in _______ rather than _____activities.
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active/passive
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must look closely at _____when assessing physical development.
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individual children
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what is needed for physical development?
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-need to be active
-become more fatigued by long periods of sitting than by running, jumping, bicycling -physical action required -quiet and vigorous play |
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what are the facial features of the neonatal period?
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facial features indistinct and typically neonatal as much as individual
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what are the facial features of the neonatal period?
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-fat pads fill out baby's cheeks
-round cheeks, full face |
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what are the facial features of the toddler?
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fat cheeks, then fat pad dwindle
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what are the facial features of the late preschooler?
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child's face comparatively lean
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what is characteristic of the changing face of middle years?
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loss of baby teeth and the appearance of permanent ones
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how are baby teeth lost?
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in the approximate order they came in (ex: beginning with lower front and working back)
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how many teeth does a school aged child lose per year?
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4 teeth per year
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what is the age of the "gap tooth grin"?
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6 to 7 years
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first permanent teeth what?
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6 year old molars
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shedding of old teeth and eruption of permanent ones goes on until what age?
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10 or 12
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what is characteristic of motor development of the school aged child?
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-smoother
-more coordinated (running, climbing) |
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when it come to gross motor skills of large muscles, _______generally outperforms ________.
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boys/girls
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what are some characteristics of fine motor skills of school aged child?
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-myelination of CNS improves reaction time and refines hand-eye coordination
-improvement of fine motor skills (hands used more adroitly as tools) |
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what are some fine motor skills of a 6 year old?
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hammer, paste, tie shoes, fasten clothes
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what are some fine motor skills of a 7 year old?
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hands are steadier
-prefer pencil to crayon for printing -reversal of letters less common -printing becomes smaller |
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what are some fine motor skills of a child age 8-10?
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-hands can be used independently with more ease and precision
-write rather than print words -letter size becomes smaller and more even |
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what are some fine motor skills of a child age 10-12?
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-shows manipulative skills similar to adults
-complex, intricate, and rapid movements (fine quality crafts, play a difficult piece on musical instrument) |
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who outperforms who in fine motor skills?
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girls outperform boys
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children are brighter in terms of....
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-more alert and sensitive to their surroundings
-ask more logical penetrating questions |
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middle class childhood has changed and is influenced by...
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-urbanization
-affluence -mobility -social awareness |
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what are some positive outcomes of playing sports?
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-provide exercise
-opportunities to learn how to compete -self-esteem -develop peer relations and friendships |
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according to a national pool, what percent of children grades 4 through 12 are physically active for 30 mins. daily?
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22%
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% of children daily PE programs decreased from ____ in 1969 to ____ in 1999
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80%/20%
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what are some negative outcomes of playing sports?
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-pressure to achieve and win
-physical injuries -distraction from academic work -unrealistic expectations for success as an athlete |
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what is the growth of height and weight for a school aged child?
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height-> 2 - 2 1/2 inches per year
weight-> 4 to 7 lbs per year |
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what is the average weight of a 6 year old?
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48 lbs
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what is the average weight of a 12 year old?
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88-90 lbs
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what is the average height of a 6 year old?
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46 inches
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what is the average height for a 12 year old?
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59 inches
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what happens to the lungs in the school aged child?
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increase in size and capacity
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what are the cardiovascular characteristics of a school aged child?
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-heart grows slowly
-heart remains small in relation to the rest of the body -heart is smaller proportionately to body size, child tires easily |
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what is the temp of a school aged child?
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98-98.6 degrees
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what is the heart rate of a school aged child?
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70-80 beats/min
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what is the respiration rate of a school aged child?
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18-20
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what is the blood pressure of a school aged child?
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94-112/56-60
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the growth head of the head is almost complete in a school aged child, what is the head circumference?
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21 in
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is hearing fully developed?
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yes
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the farsightedness of a PS is converted to what in the school aged child?
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20/20 vision by 8 years
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binocular vision is well developed in most children by what age?
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6 years
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when it some to vision, girls have poorer _______ and better ________.
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visual acuity/color discrimination
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what are some characteristics of the GI system of a school age child?
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-changes shape
-capacity increases -secretion, digestion, absorption, and excretion of digestive system more efficient |
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what are some characteristics of the urinary system in a school age child?
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-functionally mature
-kidneys double in size -bladder capacity increases -urinary constitutes similar to adults |
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when is the immune system functionally mature (lymphoid tissue, adenoids, tonsils, reach maximum development)?
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preadolescence
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what are four prepubertal sexual development characteristics?
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(1) growth of body hair
(2) spurt of physical growth (3) changes in body proportions (4) beginning of primary and secondary sex characteristics |
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what is typical for the growth of girls?
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-growth spurt early as 8 yrs
-average= 10 years -maximum ht= 12 years -more adipose tissue |
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what is typical for the growth of boys?
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-begins at 12 yrs
-maximum height= 14 yrs -more muscle tissue |
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what are some characteristics of a growth spurt?
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-begins in hands and feet
-progresses to calves, forearms, hips, chest and shoulders -trunk= last to grow -longer legs and neck, more defined waist -girls begin weight gain and height increase before boys |
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what are the nutritional needs for a school age child?
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-greater than adult
-daily calorie needs -> 1600-2200 |
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what are the eating patterns of the school age child?
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-seldom interrupt activities for meals
-consistent meal schedule -terrible table manners -discipline to minimum during meals |
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how many hours of sleep does a 6 year old need?
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11 hours
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how many hours of sleep does an 11 year old need?
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9 hours
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a school age child need a minimum of ______of physical activity.
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60 minutes
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do boys or girls have more injury or death?
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boys
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what are some common accidents?
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-motor vehicle (50%)
-fires -falls -drownings -poisonings |
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what are some characteristics for guidance and discipline of a school aged child?
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-be a parent not a buddy or a pal
-open and inviting atmosphere -SA child has strict superego -just and kind limits |
