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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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penicillins
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take complete regimen is important
check allergies keep epinephrine close in case of allergic reaction |
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Cephalosporins
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Beta-lactam structure
Semi-synthetic Inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis Bactericidal Treat Respiratory, urinary, skin, bone, joint, and genital infections (First line tx: Gonorrhea May take with food if GI upset Add yogurt daily Take all prescribed medication Medical alert bracelet if allergies exist |
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cefazolin/cefaclor
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Preg cat: B
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to (caution: hypersensitivity to PCN, lactation & renal disease) SE: N/V/D, rash & anorexia cefazolin: Abd cramps & fever Cefaclor: H/A, weakness & vertigo Adv rxn: Both: superinfections, urticaria cefazolin: seizures & anaphylaxis cefaclor: renal failure |
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macrolides
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Give antacids 2 hrs before or after med
Can give with food if GI upset (add yogurt daily) Report SE’s (especially diarrhea) Medical alert bracelet if allergies exist |
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vancomycin
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Side effects
Chills Dizziness Fever Rashes N/V Thrombophlebitis at injection site Adv rxns Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Stevens-Johnson syndrome Severe hypotension Tachycardia Generalized tingling Cardiac arrest Red man syndrome or red neck syndrome (occurs with too rapid infusion Check C&S before therapy. Monitor levels. Administer over 1 to 2 hours IV. Rotate sites. Monitor drug to drug interactions. Monitor BP. Monitor IV site. Monitor renal function tests and hearing. Monitor patient for superinfection. |
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Tetracyclines
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N/V/D, abd discomfort, H/A,
photosensitivity & pruritius Adv rxn: Superinfections & severe photosensitivity Life-threatening: Blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, CNS toxicity, intracranial hypertension, pseudomembranous colitis Drug-food interactions Tetracyclines interact with milk products. They interact with antacids or iron. They decrease effects of oral contraceptives. Digoxin absorption is increased leading to toxicity. Discoloration of permanent teeth Do not give to children younger than 8 years Contraindicated: severe hepatic or renal disease √ C&S, administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals Use sunblock, avoid milk, iron, antacids Discard expired med & report s/s superinfection Back up method of contraception if on oral combined pills Medical alert bracelet if allergies exist |
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Aminoglycosides
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C/I: Severe renal disease, pregnancy & hypersensitivity
SE: N/V, anorexia, rash, visual distrubances, tremors & photosensitivity Adv rxn: oliguria, urticaria, palpitations & superinfections Life-threatening: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia & liver damage √ C&S, √ peak & troughs, √ labs Report S/S (hearing loss), superinfection Monitor urine output (↓ s/s problem) Administer over 30-60 min in D5W or NS Medical alert bracelet if allergies exist |
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Fluoroquinolones
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Side effects/adverse effects
N/V/D, dizzines & photosensitivity Adv reactions Stevens-Johnson sydrome, seizures & pseudomembranous colitis Drug interactions Antacids decrease absorption rate. levofloxacin increases effect of oral hypoglycemics, theophylline, caffeine. √ C&S, √ blood sugars, √ theophylline levels Teach S/S, report SE, may take with food ↑ fluids to ↓ crystalluria Avoid antacids & iron products Medical alert bracelet if allergies exist |
