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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Related to the reaction aspect of pain, what are three behavioral reactions?
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Anticipation, Sensation, Aftermath
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What type of cellular damage is tumor growth?
Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical |
Mechanical
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What is another name for intractable pain?
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chronic malignant pain
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True or False: Patients are likely to become addicted to a pain medicine if it is given regularly.
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False !
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What type of pain has a rapid onset, has an end in sight, and can last </= ~6 months?
Acute or Chronic |
Acute pain
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What is PAIN ?
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-subjective
-present whenever the pt. says it is...even without a specific cause -influenced by emotional, behavioral, cognitive, physiologic, and sensory factors -highly individualized experience -invisible phenomenon - see only s/s -body's defense mechanism - REPORT: Houston-we have a problem |
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The limbic system does what?
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controls emotional response and coping with pain
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What influences whether pain is perceived or not and to what degree it is perceived?
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The interaction between the body's own analgesic system and the nervous system's transmission and interpretation of the stimuli
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What are the various meds and administration routes for chronic pain pts.?
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Epidural analgesics, Long acting/controlled release MS, Rectal analgesia, Transdermal, PCA pump, Continuous drip MS, surgery
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What type of cellular damage is from a duodenal ulcer?
Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical |
Chemical
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What is hospice's role in treating intractable pain?
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patients receive the proper dosage and forms of analgesics to provide pain relief and families become the primary care giver
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If my son sticks a metal sewing needle into the light socket and he gets a burn on his fingers, that would be what kind of cellular damage?
Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical |
Electrical
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Name four methods for treating intractable pain.
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Analgesic ladder, Restorative care, Hospice, Pain clinics
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What type of cellular damage results from hypothermia?
Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical |
Thermal
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What does evaluation of pain therapy require?
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consideration of the changing character of the pain, response of the pt. to the therapy (use of drugs or no drugs), and the pt.'s perceptions of the therapy's effectiveness
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The reception component of pain is cellular damage from... and this results in ....
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From thermal, mechanical, chemical or electrical stimuli
Results in the release of pain producing substances |
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True or False: According to the Gate Control Theory of pain, pain receptors in the spinal cord are stimulated by a specific sensory stimuli that either closes or opens the "gate" in the dorsal horn.
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False ! That is more of a definition of the Specificity Theory of pain - from the objectives, not from Peg's nots.
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What is restorative care as a method to treat intractable pain?
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using nonpharmcological measures that are effective for individual patients and adding drugs to give better long term pain control
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For patients with CA, what is the aim of drug therapy?
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to anticipate and minimize pain rather than cure it
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True or False: Superficial pain is short lasting, very pointed in sensation sensation, and easily identified by the patient.
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True !
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What is the motivational-affective interactional system of pain?
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Interaction between the reticular formation and the limbic system results in pain perception.
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True or False: The brain and alveoli do not contain receptors that transmit pain signals.
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True !
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What is perception related to pain?
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The point at which a person is aware of pain.
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Give several factors that influence pain
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Age, sex, culture, meaning of pain, attention, anxiety, fatigue, previous experience with pain, coping style, and family, and social/cultural aspects
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Who is the only authority about pain's existence and nature?
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The experiencing person of that pain
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True or False: Pharmacological efforts to reduce pain include Relaxen, TENS, Acupoxin, and Morphine.
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False ! Relaxen and Acupoxin I made up! TENS is a non-pharmalogic way to relieve pain. Morphine is a pain relieving drug.
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What is the difference between referred and radiating pain?
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referred pain is not connected to orginal source of pain where radiating pain extends from the original source to another body part
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Giving the right drug and the required dose at the right interval with a patient with CA does what?
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-alleviates the fear of pain
-protects the pt. from drug seeking behaviors -reduces dependence on the drug |
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When assessing a patient for pain, what physical signs might you see?
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facial expressions, clenching of teeth, holding of the painful part, bent posture, grimacing, crying, groaning, restlessness, frequent rests
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The interactional systems of pain...
Motivational is to affective as _________ is to evaluative. |
cognitive
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True or False: Visible physiologic or behavioral signs accompany pain and can be used to verify its existence always.
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False! Periods of physiologic and behavioral adaption can occur therefore signs may not reflect the severity of the pain
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What are the three physiological components of pain?
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Reception, Perception, Reaction
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What is reaction related to pain?
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the person's physiological and behavioral response to pain
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Describe chronic pain per the handout.
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pain lasting >/= 6 months
may be limited, intermittent or persistent poorly localized therefore may not be able to describe it |
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In which of the following is pain still ongoing, does not respond to rx, frequently the cause is unknown?
Acute pain, Chronic malignant pain, Chronic nonmalignant pain |
Chronic nonmalignant pain
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What are the three interactional systems of pain?
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Sensory-discriminative
Motivational-affective Cognitive-evaluative |
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What is chronic malignant pain?
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pain associated with CA or other progressive disorders and can last until death
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What are morphine-like substances that are released by the body to combat stress and pain?
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Serotonin and Endorphins
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In which of the following is the pain diffuse and radiating or sharp, dull, or, unique to the organ involved?
Superficial pain or Deep visceral pain |
Deep visceral pain
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What does nonmalignant pain result from?
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a nonprogressive or healed tissue injury
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In 1989, Margo McCaffery said that pain was ...
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"...whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he or she says it does."
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The interactional systems of pain...
Sensory is to discriminative as motivational is to ... |
affective
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Name three pain producing substances that are released as a result of cellular damage.
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Histamine, Bradykinin, Potassium
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Name the types of pain.
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Acute and Chronic [intractable / malignant and nonmalignant]
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What is the cognitive-evaluative interactional system of pain?
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Higher cortical centers in the brain influence perception of pain and this helps the person to interpret the intensity and quality of pain so that action can be taken
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What interactional system of pain says that nerve conduction occurs between the thalamus and sensory cortex, thus allowing the person to perceive the location, severity, and character of pain?
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Sensory-discriminative
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What is a physiological reaction to pain?
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when the pain is low to moderate in intensity; superficial pain can elicit the "flight or fight" mechanism
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What is threshold related to pain?
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the lowest level of intensity required to evoke a nerve impulse; when threshold is reached, activation of pain neurons occur
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What type of pain causes the parasympathetic nervous system to go into action?
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severe or deep/visceral pain
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